TABLE 2.
Critical Appraisal of Cohort Studies
| Study | Exposure | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Total (quality rating) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representativeness of the exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Selection of the nonexposed cohort | Prospective or retrospective design | Comparability of cohorts in study design | Comparability of cohorts in study analysis | Assessment of outcome(s) of interest | Was follow-up long enough? | Adequacy of follow-up or nonresponse rate | ||
| Robertson and Finer52 (1998) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 4/9 (medium) | |||||
| Dixon, Badawi, Kurinczuk, et al25 (2002) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 5/9 (medium) | ||||
| Moster, Lie and Markestad53 (2002) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 6/9 (medium) | |||
| Marlow, Rose, Rands and Draper47 (2005) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 4/9 (medium) | |||||
| Badawi, Dixon, Felix, et al62 (2006) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 5/9 (medium) | ||||
| Lindstrom, Lagerroos, Gillberg and Fernell63 (2006) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 4/9 (medium) | |||||
| van Handel, Swaab, de Vries and Jongmans38 (2010) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 7/9 (high) | ||
| Shankaran, Pappas, McDonald, et al42 (2012) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 5/9 (medium) | ||||
| Azzopardi, Strohm, Marlow, et al65 (2014) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 5/9 (medium) | ||||
| Pappas, Shankaran, McDonald, et al50 (2015) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 6/9 (medium) | |||
| Tan, Minutillo, McMichael and Rao39 (2017) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 4/9 (medium) | |||||
| Campbell, Eddama, Azzopardi, Edwards, Strohm and Rivero-Arias43 (2018) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 5/9 (medium) | ||||
| Lee-Kelland, Jary, Tonks, Cowan, Thoresen and Chakkarapani46 (2020) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 4/9 (medium) | |||||
| Cainelli, Vedovelli, Mastretta, Gregori, Suppiej and Bisiacchi37 (2021) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 5/9 (medium) | ||||
| Edmonds, Cianfaglione, Cornforth and Vollmer51 (2021) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 4/9 (medium) | |||||
| Erdi-Krausz, Rocha, Brown, et al64 (2021) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 4/9 (medium) | |||||
| Liu, Geng, Cui, et al34 (2021) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 3/9 (low) | ||||||
| Zareen, Allen, Kelly, McDonald, Sweetman and Molloy41 (2021) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 3/9 (low) | ||||||
| Alvarez-Garcia, Cuellar-Flores, Sierra-Garcia and Martinez-Orgado35 (2022) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 3/9 (low) | ||||||
| Cainelli, Vedovelli, Bottigliengo, Boschiero and Suppiej36 (2022) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 4/9 (medium) | |||||
| Halpin, McCusker, Fogarty, et al48 (2022) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 4/9 (medium) | |||||
| Robb, Tonks, Spencer, et al67 (2022) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | 5/9 (medium) | ||||