Table 1. Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics.
| Characteristics | Patients, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Not immunosuppressed (n = 72) | Immunosuppressed (n = 43) | Total (N = 115) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 63 (17) | 65 (14) | 64 (16) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 49 (68) | 26 (60) | 75 (66) |
| Female | 23 (32) | 17 (40) | 39 (34) |
| Season of presentation | |||
| Summer | 36 (50) | 20 (47) | 56 (49) |
| Fall | 34 (47) | 22 (51) | 56 (49) |
| Duration of symptoms, median (IQR), d [No. missing] | 5 (3-7) [1] | 7 (4-14) [3] | 6 (3-9) [4] |
| Symptoms and signs | |||
| Malaise | 55 (76) | 28 (65) | 83 (72) |
| Fever | 50 (70) | 26 (61) | 76 (66) |
| Headache | 45 (63) | 18 (42) | 63 (55) |
| Altered mental status | 41 (57) | 33 (77) | 74 (64) |
| Diarrhea or vomiting [No. missing] | 33 (47) [1] | 21 (49) [0] | 54 (48) [1] |
| Myalgias | 32 (44) | 9 (21) | 41 (36) |
| Hand tremors | 24 (33) | 13 (30) | 37 (32) |
| Skin rash | 17 (24) | 10 (23) | 27 (24) |
| Focal motor signs [No. missing] | 12 (17) [1] | 13 (30) [0] | 25 (22) [1] |
| Cranial nerve signs | 5 (7) | 6 (14) | 11 (10) |
| Myoclonus | 3 (4) | 8 (19) | 11 (10) |
| Clinical seizure | 4 (8) | 6 (19) | 10 (12) |
| Coma (GCS<8) | 14 (19) | 15 (35) | 29 (25) |
| WNV-specific laboratory findings [No. missing] | |||
| Serum WNV IgM, positive | 61 (78) [5] | 33 (81) [2] | 94 (87) [7] |
| CSF WNV IgM, positive | 47 (78) [12] | 24 (62) [4] | 71 (72) [16] |
| CSF WNV PCR, positive | 5 (15) [39] | 17 (63) [16] | 22 (37) [55] |
| CSF WBC count, median (IQR), /μL | 113 (62-355) [7] | 79 (20-144) [5] | 90 (41-229) [12] |
| CSF protein, median (IQR), mg/dL | 86 (65-104) [8] | 75 (52-99) [6] | 82 (61-101) [14] |
| CSF glucose, median (IQR), mg/dL | 59 (53-72) [7] | 64 (57-72) [8] | 61 (54-72) [15] |
| Final diagnosis | |||
| WNV meningoencephalitis | 65 (90) | 33 (77) | 98 (85) |
| WNV encephalomyelitis | 3 (4) | 7 (16) | 10 (9) |
| WNV myeloradiculitis | 4 (6) | 3 (7) | 7 (6) |
Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; IgM, immunoglobulin M; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; WBC, white blood cell; WNV, West Nile virus.
SI conversion factor: To convert WBC to ×109/L, multiply by 0.001.