| SWCNTs |
Surfactants |
Surface |
- Aqueous solubility |
(617, 618) |
| |
Oligonucleotides |
Surface |
- Aqueous solubility |
(619, 623) |
| |
|
|
- Molecular recognition |
|
| |
Peptides |
Surface |
- Aqueous solubility |
(620−623, 627, 630) |
| |
|
|
- Molecular
recognition |
|
| |
Proteins |
Surface |
- Aqueous solubility |
(624, 625) |
| |
Polymers |
Surface |
- Aqueous solubility |
(626, 627) |
| |
Antibodies |
Surface |
- Molecular recognition |
(627, 628) |
| |
Halogen-doping |
Surface/Embedded |
- Increases electrical conductivity |
(631) |
| Carbon dots |
Oligonucleotides |
Surface |
- Quenches fluorescence |
(463, 632) |
| |
Carboxylate |
Surface |
- Binds metals
or polar molecules |
(633−637) |
| Carbon nanohoops |
Iodine |
Internalized |
- Electrical stimuli-responsive
multifunctional material |
(372) |
| |
C60
|
Internalized |
- Quenches fluorescence |
(642, 643) |
| |
Heteroatoms |
Surface from synthesis |
- Modifications to how rings assemble or are spaced |
(149, 650−656) |
| Graphene/GO/RGO |
Arenes |
Surface |
- A stable base upon which other functionalization
can be built
without effecting properties of the material |
(658−661) |
| |
Oligonucleotides |
Surface |
- Aqueous solubility |
(664, 665) |
| |
|
|
- Nanostructure self-assembly |
|
| |
Surfactants |
Surface |
-
Solubility and phase transfer |
(663) |
| |
Porphyrins |
Surface |
- Aqueous
solubility |
(666−668) |
| |
|
|
- Increases electron transfer |
|
| |
|
|
- Healing of defective
vacancies |
|
| |
Polymers |
Surface |
- Self-assembly |
(501, 662, 669) |
| |
|
|
- Dispersion |
| |
Chitosan |
Surface |
- Dispersion and pH sensitization |
(670) |
| |
Metal nanoparticles |
Surface |
- Directs assembly |
(671−691) |
| |
|
|
- Increases electron transfer |
|
| |
|
|
- Molecular recognition |
|
| |
Quantum dots |
Surface |
- Increases electron transfer |
(693−695) |
| |
|
|
- Molecular recognition |
|
