Table 5.

Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration

Biomarker	F-Ratio	p	Linear Trend (r2)	P
Tau	24.55	<0.0001	0.8679	<0.0001
pTau	2.879	0.0493	0.6206	0.0264
pTau/Tau	3.659	0.0212	0.9661	0.0025
AβPP	8.887	0.0002	0.7190	<0.0001
Aβ	10.59	<0.0001	0.8149	<0.0001
ChAT	7.186	0.0007	0.5255	0.0018
AChE	1.123	N.S.	0.056	N.S.

Duplex ELISAs measured immunoreactivity in rat FLSCs (n = 6/group) treated with vehicle, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, or 2,4-D plus 2,4,5-T (D + T) for 24 h. Immunoreactivity normalized to RPLPO was used for inter-group comparisons by one-way ANOVA (DFn, DFd = 3, 36). Linear trend analysis (r²) was calculated for the slope reflecting quantitative shifts in protein expression from Vehicle to 2,4-D, to 2,4,5-T, to D + T. p-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant (bold font). See Fig. 4 for graphed results with post-hoc Tukey multiple comparisons results. AβPP, amyloid-beta protein precursor; Aβ, amyloid-beta C-terminal fragment of AβPP; pTau, (S396) phosphorylated tau; ChAT, choline acetyltransferase; AChE, acetylcholinesterase.