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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 29.
Published in final edited form as: Ophthalmology. 2021 Jul 8;128(10):e51–e68. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.05.031

Figure 8. Wide-angle fundus photographs demonstrating examples of retinopathy of prematurity stage 4.

Figure 8.

(A) Stage 4A in temporal retina. Traction on extraretinal neovascularization leads to retinal elevation (white dots), which may be recognized during ophthalmoscopy by subtle change in brightness and loss of visible retinal pigment epithelium granularity and choriocapillaris detail. Note that approximate foveal center (asterisk) is not elevated, and that the extraretinal neovascularization (white arrows) may be significantly more peripheral than posterior extent of the detachment. (B) Stage 4A with 360-degree tractional retinal detachment in area of the peripheral ridge. (C) Stage 4B detachment involving the macula. Note straightening of the arcuate vessels and dragged optic disc appearance. (D) Stage 4B detachment with associated subretinal hemorrhage and lipid exudation into the macula. (E) Volcano shaped stage 4B. In eyes with posterior ROP, contraction of pathologic neovascularization can result in detachment of vascularized retina into a volcano-shaped configuration.