Table 2.
Risk factors for COVID-19 patients from the first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou medical university
| Risk factors | Healthy individuals | COVID-19 patients | P | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White blood cell count | 6.63 (5.51,8.04) | 5.95 (4.15,7.69) | 0.002* | 0.004142857* |
| Basophil count | 0.03 (0.00,0.05) | 0.02 (0.01,0.03) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Monocyte cell count | 0.50 (0.40, 0.60) | 0.46 (0.34, 0.61) | 0.595 | 0.651132075 |
| Lymphocyte cell count | 2.10 (1.74,2.50) | 1.65 (1.10,2.10) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Eosinophil cell count | 0.12 (0.10,0.22) | 0.08 (0.02,0.15) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Neutrophil cell count | 3.70 (2.90,4.60) | 3.28 (2.30, 4.30) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Red blood cell count | 4.81 (4.38,5.21) | 4.16 (3.59, 4.57) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Hemoglobin concentration | 143.00 (130.00,153.00) | 133.00 (121.00,146.75) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Hematocrit | 0.42 (0.39,0.45) | 0.39 (0.35,0.43) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration | 341.00 (332.00,349.00) | 341.00 (336.00,346.00) | 0.911 | 0.926982456 |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin | 30.10 (28.90,31.20) | 29.80 (28.73,30.90) | 0.095 | 0.134390244 |
| Mean corpuscular volume | 88.00 (84.40,90.85) | 87.20 (84.40, 90.10) | 0.104 | 0.14027907 |
| Red cell distribution width | 13.00 (12.60,13.60) | 12.90 (12.50,13.50) | 0.04* | 0.064444444 |
| Mean platelet volume | 8.90 (8.10,9.73) | 8.40 (7.80,9.20) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Plateletcrit | 0.22 (0.19,0.25) | 0.20 (0.16,0.24) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Platelet count | 246.00 (209.00,287.50) | 236.00 (183.25,296.25) | 0.079 | 0.117487179 |
| Platelet distribution width | 16.40 (15.80,16.80) | 16.60 (16.20,17.10) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Prothrombin time | 12.95 (12.50,13.60) | 13.35 (13.00,13.90) | 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time | 35.50 (33.90,38.55) | 37.45 (35.15,40.88) | 0.004* | 0.007483871* |
| Thrombin time | 16.70 (16.35,17.45) | 18.10 (17.10,19.50) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Fibrinogen | 3.05 (2.66,3.40) | 4.64 (3.48, 5.81) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| D-dimer | 236(172,804) | 594.00(366.00,1309.00) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Serum cystatin C | 0.82 ± 0.14 | 1.33 ± 0.69 | 0.111 | 0.146318182 |
| Serum creatinine | 82.00 (70.18,92.43) | 79.70 (67.70, 94.10) | 0.467 | 0.531098039 |
| Uric acid | 381.40 (313.40,476.40) | 319.10 (264.03,390.45) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Urea nitrogen | 5.00 (4.10,5.70) | 4.50 (3.70,5.90) | 0.008* | 0.0145* |
| β2-microglobulin | 1.69 (1.66,2.11) | 2.25 (1.86,3.21) | 0.114 | 0.146933333 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 65.40 (53.40,79.10) | 58.70 (49.15,70.70) | 0.014* | 0.023882353* |
| Alanine aminotransferase | 20.80 (13.20,32.80) | 19.10 (12.40,29.15) | 0.077 | 0.117487179 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | 22.50 (18.60,27.20) | 22.30 (19.10,29.70) | 0.299 | 0.361291667 |
| Gamma glutamyltransferase | 23.30 (14.90,39.83) | 23.00 (15.75,43.30) | 0.212 | 0.261617021 |
| Albumin | 44.10 (42.60,45.90) | 43.40 (37.10,46.65) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Total bilirubin | 10.70 (8.80,13.70) | 13.10 (10.40,17.10) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Direct bilirubin | 2.30 (1.70,3.10) | 2.00 (1.70,2.70) | 0.002* | 0.004142857* |
| Total bile acid | 4.30 (3.20,6.13) | 3.15 (1.87,4.93) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Total protein | 75.60 (73.00,78.30) | 76.00 (68,45,80.25) | 0.573 | 0.639115385 |
| Myoglobin levels | 14.70 (11.50,21.00) | 18.80 (14.30,28.40) | 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Troponin I | 2.40 (1.60,3.60) | 3.50 (2.50,6.15) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Creatine Kinase | 111.70 (79.60,153.70) | 78.85 (53.43,115.23) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| creatine kinase isoenzymes | 9.00 (7.00,12.00) | 9.00 (7.00,11.00) | 0.767 | 0.823814815 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase | 177.50 (152.80,199.55) | 205.00 (185.20,248.48) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase | 112.00 (96.65,128.90) | 135.00 (121.00,152.00) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Glucose | 5.25 (4.93,5.68) | 5.31 (4.89,6.21) | 0.064 | 0.100324324 |
| HDL cholesterol | 1.24 (1.08,1.45) | 1.13 (0.96,1.33) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| LDL cholesterol | 3.41 (2.80,3.90) | 3.37 (2.89,3.85) | 0.986 | 0.986 |
| Total cholesterol | 5.33 (4.57,6.12) | 5.04 (4.44,5.67) | 0.014* | 0.023882353* |
| Triglyceride | 1.35 (0.90,2.14) | 1.36 (0.98,2.05) | 0.884 | 0.915571429 |
| Apolipoprotein A | 1.30 (1.16,1.50) | 0.74 (0.58,1.06) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Apolipoprotein B | 0.90 ± 0.28 | 0.75 ± 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.522 |
| Hemoglobin A1a | 0.99 (0.89,1.10) | 1.09 (0.90,1.33) | 0.101 | 0.13947619 |
| Hemoglobin A1b | 0.94 (0.85,1.10) | 1.10 (0.86,1.20) | 0.156 | 0.196695652 |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 5.45 (5.14,5.80) | 5.96 (5.43,7.55) | 0.004* | 0.007483871* |
| C-Reactive protein | 0.32 (0.09,1.31) | 0.68 (0.10,6.38) | < 0.001* | 0.002230769* |
| Serum amyloid protein | 5.00 (5.00,6.21) | 93.83 (26.62,127.22) | 0.004* | 0.007483871* |
| Complement C3 | 0.88 ± 0.18 | 0.99 ± 0.20 | 0.34 | 0.40244898 |
| Complement C4 | 0.21 (0.15,0.27) | 0.29 (0.23,0.34) | 0.034* | 0.056342857 |
| Transferrin | 2.29 ± 0.33 | 1.71 ± 0.28 | 0.815 | 0.859454545 |
| Ceruloplasmin | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.085 | 0.12325 |
Continuous variables with nonnormal data distribution are presented as medians (interquartile range)
Normally distributed continuous variables are presented as means ± SDs
*Significantly different between healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients (p < 0.05)