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. 2024 Mar 29;28:102. doi: 10.1186/s13054-024-04890-7

Table 2.

MG-EFA correlation matrix comparing ICU survivor group to non-ICU-treated control group

ICU survivor group Non-ICU-treated control group
Cognition Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3 Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3
COG1 Difficulties finding words 0.79 0.01 0.00 0.44 0.25 0.08
COG2 Difficulties finishing sentences 0.87 0.01 0.02 0.65 0.14 − 0.01
COG3 Losing the thread easily 0.70 0.16 0.06 0.75 0.03 − 0.01
COG4 Don't remember what you have said 0.10 0.68 0.04 0.78 0.00 − 0.07
COG5 Don't remember what you have done − 0.13 0.88 0.02 0.83 − 0.05 − 0.22
COG6 Think you have done something but you haven't 0.17 0.69 − 0.03 0.64 0.11 − 0.15
COG7 Forgotten what you were going to get 0.10 0.32 0.36 0.21 0.45 − 0.04
COG8 Need to be reminded to do an activity 0.03 0.52 0.33 0.25 0.38 0.12
COG9 Difficulties thinking clearly 0.41 − 0.02 0.51 0.46 0.34 0.11
COG10 Need for memos 0.10 0.16 0.40 0.03 0.67 − 0.18
COG11 Difficulties remembering names 0.34 0.08 0.28 − 0.27 0.84 0.01
COG12 Difficulties remembering general knowledge 0.18 0.22 0.43 0.17 0.64 − 0.08
COG13 Difficulties remembering what you have read 0.24 0.02 0.59 0.05 0.80 − 0.02
COG14 Difficulties remembering previous TV-episode 0.03 0.45 0.36 0.04 0.48 0.31
COG15 Difficulties learning new things 0.18 0.11 0.58 − 0.03 0.60 0.45
COG16 Difficulties remembering numbers 0.03 0.20 0.53 − 0.12 0.80 0.01
COG17 Difficulties being on time 0.08 0.30 0.35 0.66 − 0.02 0.02
COG18 Missed a scheduled meeting 0.02 0.39 0.23 0.09 0.17 − 0.23
COG19 Mistaken which day of the week − 0.04 0.41 0.37 0.60 0.02 0.22
COG20 Forgotten where you have put something − 0.02 0.39 0.40 − 0.02 0.70 − 0.10
COG21 Need to double-check things − 0.02 0.13 0.48 0.04 0.51 0.02
COG22 Difficulties finding your way around − 0.01 0.22 0.38 0.16 0.33 0.26
COG23 Someone has said that you have memory problems − 0.13 0.52 0.39 0.43 0.19 − 0.03
COG24 Worrying about having memory problems 0.19 0.29 0.39 0.50 0.00 0.56
COG25 Difficulties taking initiatives 0.01 − 0.34 0.91 0.34 0.13 0.46
COG26 Difficulties prioritizing − 0.05 − 0.30 0.86 0.29 0.40 0.19
COG27 Difficulties concentrating 0.24 − 0.21 0.79 0.31 0.44 0.17
COG28 Difficulties finding alternative solutions − 0.08 0.03 0.75 0.53 0.13 0.30
COG29 Time spent reading 0.12 0.00 − 0.22 − 0.09 − 0.06 0.02
COG30 Memory/thinking difficulties affecting QoL 0.37 0.04 0.49 0.39 0.21 0.43
COG31 Worrying about your memory/thinking 0.29 − 0.01 0.49 0.48 − 0.02 0.67
Reliability 0.88 0.84 0.90 0.85 0.87 –*
Fatigue Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 1 Dim 2
FAT1 Need for daytime rest 0.23 0.53 0.65 0.08
FAT2 Tough getting started doing things 0.30 0.51 0.68 − 0.08
FAT3

Difficulties finishing things due to feeling

exhausted

0.32 0.54 0.85 − 0.01
FAT4 Difficulties doing things under pressure of time 0.56 0.34 0.82 0.08
FAT5 Difficulties multitasking due to feeling exhausted 0.48 0.34 0.91 0.08
FAT6 Tired from reading 0.86 − 0.02 0.81 0.12
FAT7 Tired from watching TV 0.79 0.00 0.80 0.00
FAT8

Tired from conversation between more than

two people

0.56 0.26 0.85 − 0.03
FAT9 Fallen asleep when reading 0.38 0.07 0.45 0.35
FAT10 Fallen asleep during a conversation 0.28 − 0.01 0.52 0.18
FAT11 Tiredness affecting work − 0.03 0.90 0.88 0.14
FAT12 Tiredness limiting social activities − 0.01 0.86 0.78 − 0.20
FAT13 Tiredness affecting QoL 0.04 0.88 0.92 − 0.37
FAT14 Worrying about feeling tired 0.30 0.56 0.80 − 0.19
Reliability 0.84* 0.92 0.96 –*
Physical health Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3 Dim 4 Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3 Dim 4
PHYS1 Physical health in general 0.01 0.00 0.79 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.74 − 0.10
PHYS2 Reduced feeling in your face 0.29 0.12 0.05 0.34 0.41 0.27 − 0.04 0.23
PHYS3 Arm weakness 0.52 − 0.10 0.42 0.16 0.36 0.26 0.23 0.03
PHYS4 Reduced feeling in arms 0.67 0.03 0.03 0.33 0.93 0.03 − 0.12 − 0.03
PHYS5 Reduced feeling in hands/fingers 0.69 0.11 − 0.03 0.26 0.69 0.20 − 0.06 0.01
PHYS6 Raynaud's in fingers 0.44 0.21 0.06 0.32 0.36 0.23 0.08 − 0.09
PHYS7 Difficulties extending your wrist 0.57 0.00 − 0.02 0.20 0.17 0.13 − 0.16 0.21
PHYS8

Difficulties lifting/carrying lightweight

objects

0.88 0.03 − 0.04 − 0.02 0.08 0.86 0.03 − 0.03
PHYS9 Difficulties turning on taps/opening jars 0.86 − 0.07 0.04 − 0.06 − 0.08 0.90 0.02 0.03
PHYS10 Difficulties using your hands 0.80 0.05 0.02 − 0.08 0.25 0.27 0.02 0.19
PHYS11 Leg weakness 0.12 0.49 0.33 − 0.05 0.05 0.19 0.46 0.29
PHYS12 Reduced feeling in legs 0.13 0.83 − 0.14 0.08 0.76 − 0.16 0.09 0.06
PHYS13 Reduced feeling in feet/toes − 0.07 0.90 − 0.08 0.08 0.67 − 0.23 0.06 0.03
PHYS14 Restless legs 0.01 0.33 0.23 0.27 0.31 0.05 0.26 − 0.08
PHYS15 Dizziness when standing up 0.13 0.12 0.33 0.07 0.13 0.17 0.15 0.23
PHYS16 Losing balance easily 0.30 0.34 0.24 − 0.15 0.13 0.02 0.12 0.65
PHYS17 Difficulties climbing stairs 0.04 0.43 0.40 − 0.27 − 0.13 0.02 0.48 0.61
PHYS18 Unsteady gait 0.26 0.63 0.04 − 0.23 0.13 − 0.01 0.03 0.78
PHYS19 Legs feeling heavy − 0.02 0.63 0.17 − 0.06 0.10 0.02 0.14 0.57
PHYS20 Swollen legs/ankles − 0.11 0.46 0.13 0.04 0.12 − 0.08 0.26 0.10
PHYS21 Raynaud's in toes − 0.12 0.73 0.11 0.13 0.31 − 0.07 0.22 − 0.03
PHYS22 Foot drop 0.09 0.67 − 0.20 − 0.03 0.04 0.00 − 0.18 0.72
PHYS23 Contractures 0.16 0.40 0.23 − 0.04 − 0.01 0.21 0.36 0.30
PHYS24 Periods of heavy sweating 0.14 0.01 0.32 0.38 0.02 0.08 0.23 0.18
PHYS25 Able to walk six minutes 0.09 0.18 0.24 − 0.44 − 0.18 − 0.12 − 0.04 0.70
PHYS26 Walking longer than 1 km − 0.05 0.18 0.36 − 0.43 − 0.04 − 0.10 0.21 0.36
PHYS27

Shortness of breath limiting your physical

activities

− 0.01 − 0.02 0.75 − 0.17 − 0.03 − 0.04 0.57 0.14
PHYS28 Physically active ≥ 30 min − 0.02 0.01 − 0.50 0.29 0.01 0.08 − 0.42 − 0.01
PHYS29 Physical health affecting QoL 0.00 0.13 0.76 0.03 − 0.01 0.01 0.86 0.01
PHYS30 Worrying about physical health 0.03 0.09 0.72 0.08 0.16 − 0.01 0.80 0.02
Reliability 0.89 0.87 0.85 –* 0.82 0.85* 0.89 0.87
Pain Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3 Dim 4 Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3 Dim 4
PAIN1 Headaches 0.26 0.29 0.02 − 0.14 0.18 0.26 0.24 − 0.10
PAIN2 Finding normal touch bothersome 0.27 0.28 0.07 0.15 − 0.03 0.14 0.38 − 0.19
PAIN3 General body pain 0.34 0.48 0.03 − 0.05 0.19 0.52 0.19 0.07
PAIN4 Shoulder pain 0.86 0.00 − 0.03 − 0.21 0.49 − 0.07 0.58 0.01
PAIN5 Arm pain 0.81 − 0.03 0.08 0.09 0.57 0.07 0.43 0.05
PAIN6 Hand pain 0.37 0.23 0.08 0.28 0.47 0.36 − 0.04 − 0.03
PAIN7 Back pain 0.14 0.55 0.00 − 0.14 0.06 0.31 0.02 0.33
PAIN8 Chest pain 0.43 0.26 − 0.05 − 0.01 0.00 0.34 0.02 − 0.08
PAIN9 Abdominal pain 0.10 0.34 0.04 − 0.07 − 0.07 0.18 0.30 − 0.03
PAIN10 Leg pain 0.06 0.64 − 0.01 0.39 − 0.16 0.68 0.02 0.02
PAIN11 Foot pain − 0.05 0.61 − 0.02 0.41 − 0.23 0.35 0.17 0.00
PAIN12 Use of painkillers 0.10 0.07 0.46 − 0.32 − 0.05 0.31 0.08 0.22
PAIN13 Pain stopping planned activity 0.05 0.66 0.12 0.00 − 0.06 0.11 0.14 0.68
PAIN14 Painkillers to manage ADL − 0.04 0.08 0.79 − 0.21 0.02 0.41 0.22 0.27
PAIN15 Painkillers for sufficient sleep − 0.01 − 0.36 0.91 − 0.01 − 0.08 0.05 0.79 − 0.01
PAIN16 Pain makes going to sleep difficult 0.08 0.03 0.75 0.18 0.10 0.08 0.67 0.09
PAIN17 Woken by pain 0.15 0.24 0.46 0.10 − 0.01 − 0.08 0.52 0.47
PAIN18 Pain affecting QoL − 0.04 0.78 0.15 − 0.03 0.08 0.34 − 0.01 0.69
PAIN19 Worrying about pain − 0.05 0.76 0.11 0.03 0.00 0.67 − 0.02 0.29
Reliability 0.81 0.85 0.87 –* –* 0.69* 0.75* 0.82*
Mental health Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3 Dim1 Dim 2 Dim3
PSYCH1 Crying easily 0.27 0.25 0.18 0.48 0.06 0.03
PSYCH2 Feeling short-tempered 0.92 − 0.01 0.06 0.98 0.00 0.32
PSYCH3 Losing patience easily 0.88 0.04 0.03 0.95 − 0.01 0.26
PSYCH4

Difficulties feeling warmth towards

family members

0.41 0.29 − 0.05 0.43 0.19 − 0.11
PSYCH5 Difficulties unwinding 0.23 0.51 − 0.03 0.50 0.36 0.01
PSYCH6 Worrying about little things 0.26 0.59 − 0.02 0.67 0.18 0.05
PSYCH7 Feeling low-spirited 0.15 0.77 − 0.06 0.57 0.39 − 0.01
PSYCH8 Feeling depressed 0.00 0.89 − 0.07 0.52 0.40 − 0.01
PSYCH9 Periods of anxiety − 0.01 0.86 0.15 0.18 0.67 0.00
PSYCH10 Panic attacks 0.03 0.57 0.26 − 0.19 0.70 0.02
PSYCH11 Feelings of hopelessness 0.04 0.80 0.02 − 0.01 0.83 − 0.04
PSYCH12 Feelings of life being meaningless 0.08 0.76 − 0.01 0.17 0.71 0.05
PSYCH13 Cannot stop worrying about being ill 0.01 0.60 0.03 0.29 0.25 − 0.08
PSYCH14 Low self-confidence − 0.06 0.80 − 0.01 0.33 0.45 − 0.02
PSYCH15 Low self-esteem − 0.04 0.83 0.05 0.48 0.39 − 0.01
PSYCH16 Able to laugh at things 0.00 − 0.50 0.61 0.00 0.20 0.87
PSYCH17 Able to look forward to things 0.00 − 0.57 0.65 − 0.19 0.00 0.72
PSYCH18

Difficulties talking about your illness to

family/close friends

0.03 0.49 0.06 0.17 0.11 − 0.29
PSYCH19

Feeling that others think you talk too much

about your illness

0.28 0.25 0.18 0.32 0.01 0.05
PSYCH20 Counselling (pre-ICU vs "previously") − 0.12 0.39 0.08 0.32 0.05 − 0.03
PSYCH21 Mental health affecting QoL 0.07 0.72 0.04 0.55 0.18 − 0.11
PSYCH22 Worrying about psychological/mental health − 0.05 0.84 0.09 0.35 0.34 − 0.13
Reliability 0.91* 0.94 0.83* 0.85 0.85 0.79*
ADL Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 1 Dim 2
ADL1 Home care 0.55 0.22 0.14 0.96
ADL2 Personal assistant 0.46 0.28 0.97 0.16
ADL3 Help showering 0.79 0.41 0.83 0.52
ADL4 Help getting dressed 0.90 0.28 0.88 0.66
ADL5 Help moving between chair and bed 0.89 0.32 0.99 0.29
ADL6 Support sitting up 0.10 0.49 0.99 0.33
ADL7 Help visiting the toilet 0.88 0.15 0.97 0.16
ADL8 Help with shopping 0.51 0.65 0.60 0.92
ADL9 Help with cooking 0.54 0.62 0.63 0.89
ADL10 Help with housework 0.52 0.65 0.64 0.83
ADL11 Help with medication 0.41 0.44 0.12 0.85
ADL12 Avoided travelling in a car 0.09 0.25 0.10 0.26
ADL13 Avoided taking public transport 0.10 0.60 0.83 0.33
ADL14 Help managing bills 0.41 0.49 0.10 0.95
ADL15 Daily activities affecting QoL 0.33 0.88 0.53 0.55
ADL16 Worrying about daily activities 0.18 0.85 0.43 0.79
Reliability 0.92 0.85 0.96 0.94
Sleep Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3 Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3
SLEEP1 Need for daytime nap 0.05 0.09 0.22 0.92 0.00 − 0.40
SLEEP2 Difficulties going to sleep 0.16 0.00 0.58 − 0.02 0.31 0.43
SLEEP3 Need for sleeping pills − 0.15 0.27 0.25 0.00 − 0.31 0.72
SLEEP4 Anxiety before going to sleep 0.12 0.60 0.12 − 0.06 0.07 0.53
SLEEP5 Difficulties going back to sleep 0.36 − 0.02 0.44 − 0.01 0.77 0.01
SLEEP6 Night-time worrying 0.20 0.04 0.00 0.16 0.71 0.00
SLEEP7 Nightmares 0.00 0.92 − 0.18 0.37 0.18 0.04
SLEEP8 Nightly sweats disturbing sleep 0.04 0.37 0.12 0.46 0.19 0.00
SLEEP9 Heart palpitations disturbing sleep − 0.02 0.59 0.00 0.44 − 0.24 0.23
SLEEP10 Sleep problems affecting QoL 0.04 0.03 0.77 0.07 0.39 0.47
SLEEP11 Worrying about sleep − 0.02 0.14 0.71 0.30 0.01 0.66
Reliability –* 0.73* 0.81* –* 0.79* 0.63*
Appetite & Alcohol Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3 Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3
A&A1 Bothersome thirst 0.29 − 0.11 0.10 0.57 − 0.03 0.03
A&A2 Difficulties chewing 0.55 − 0.01 0.05 0.24 0.27 0.14
A&A3 Sugar cravings 0.10 − 0.27 0.34 0.03 0.24 − 0.07
A&A4 Poor appetite 0.80 0.09 − 0.02 0.97 0.01 − 0.03
A&A5 Alcohol, how often − 0.02 0.66 − 0.13 − 0.20 − 0.03 0.25
A&A6 Alcohol, how many glasses on a typical day 0.02 0.76 0.10 − 0.14 0.02 0.34
A&A7 Alcohol, how often 6 or more glasses 0.15 0.81 0.01 − 0.03 0.00 0.28
A&A8 Appetite affecting QoL 0.89 − 0.02 0.06 0.29 0.77 0.01
A&A9 Worrying about your appetite 0.78 0.02 − 0.04 − 0.01 1.00 − 0.06
A&A10 Alcohol affecting QoL 0.00 0.01 0.94 0.01 0.41 0.71
A&A11 Worrying about alcohol − 0.01 0.16 0.71 − 0.01 − 0.01 0.90
Reliability 0.86 0.75 0.84* –* 0.95* 0.85*
Sexual health Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 1 Dim 2
SEX1 Difficulties handling physical closeness from loved ones − 0.10 0.24 − 0.17 0.23
SEX2 Sex drive 0.74 0.20 0.70 0.07
SEX3 Sexual activity 0.89 0.09 0.91 0.05
SEX4 Sex life 0.69 0.29 0.74 0.17
SEX5 Orgasm 0.87 0.00 0.88 0.00
SEX6 Bothered by being naked in front of partner ** 0.05 0.45 − 0.03 0.36
SEX7 Surgical scars affecting sex life 0.09 0.60 − 0.03 0.31
SEX8 Lack of energy affecting sex life − 0.15 0.36 0.04 0.50
SEX9 Pain during sex − 0.02 0.30 − 0.17 0.11
SEX10 Problems with sex life affecting QoL − 0.17 0.73 − 0.04 0.87
SEX11 Worrying about sex life 0.00 0.63 0.12 0.78
Reliability 0.90 0.67 0.90 0.82*
Sensory functions Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3 Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 3
SENS1 Reduced taste 0.62 0.10 0.25 0.08 0.86 0.05
SENS2 Reduced smell 0.62 − 0.08 0.19 0.00 0.75 0.07
SENS3 Reduced eyesight/vision − 0.38 0.04 − 0.07 − 0.16 − 0.03 − 0.07
SENS4 Visual field 0.26 − 0.07 0.07 − 0.10 − 0.07 − 0.08
SENS5 Colour vision 0.42 − 0.22 0.30 0.04 0.03 0.01
SENS6 Sensitive to bright light 0.44 − 0.14 0.28 0.26 0.22 − 0.16
SENS7 Blurred vision 0.29 − 0.02 − 0.12 0.16 0.08 − 0.02
SENS8 Reduced hearing − 0.38 0.78 0.15 − 0.21 − 0.04 − 0.05
SENS9 Sound hypersensitivity 0.34 − 0.35 0.33 0.14 − 0.16 0.08
SENS10 Poor hearing 0.28 − 0.66 − 0.40 0.30 0.07 − 0.10
SENS11 Bothered by surrounding sounds 0.57 − 0.37 0.37 0.72 0.01 0.13
SENS12 Difficulties hearing what people say 0.55 − 0.61 − 0.35 0.71 0.27 0.18
SENS13 Reduced hearing limiting social life 0.60 − 0.36 − 0.39 0.62 0.22 0.07
SENS14 Sound hypersensitivity limiting social life 0.54 − 0.21 0.24 0.74 0.22 0.04
SENS15 Tinnitus 0.21 − 0.28 0.03 0.79 0.04 0.12
SENS16 Mouth dryness 0.52 0.19 0.28 0.25 0.58 0.21
SENS17 Mouth soreness 0.61 0.28 0.25 0.22 0.39 0.28
SENS18 Hoarseness 0.63 0.13 0.23 0.08 0.82 0.15
SENS19 Cracking voice 0.68 0.24 0.22 0.16 0.77 − 0.05
SENS20 Throat pain 0.57 0.26 − 0.25 0.34 0.30 0.48
SENS21 Throat feeling constricted 0.61 0.30 − 0.41 0.19 0.10 0.85
SENS22 Choking easily 0.57 0.37 − 0.44 − 0.01 0.04 0.82
SENS23 Difficulties swallowing 0.66 0.34 − 0.33 0.15 0.02 0.84
SENS24 Throat problems limiting social life 0.62 0.39 − 0.18 0.35 0.16 0.74
SENS25 Problems from sensory organs affecting QoL 0.80 0.11 − 0.13 0.83 0.06 0.11
SENS26 Worrying about your sensory organs 0.63 0.16 0.14 0.77 0.03 0.20
Reliability 0.87 0.85 –* 0.83 0.83 0.86
Gastrointestinal functions Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 1 Dim 2
GI1 Constipation 0.36 0.83 − 0.04 0.44
GI2 Diarrhoea 0.44 − 0.67 0.53 0.12
GI3 Bowel urgency 0.59 − 0.50 0.81 − 0.01
GI4 Bowel leakage 0.70 − 0.09 0.58 0.10
GI5 Bowel problems limiting social life 0.76 0.06 − 0.01 0.60
GI6 Bowel problems affecting QoL 0.87 0.11 0.23 0.60
GI7 Worrying about bowel problems 0.84 0.11 0.00 0.96
Reliability 0.86 0.80* − * 0.87
Urinary tract functions Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 1 Dim 2
UT1 Difficulties feeling the need to urinate 0.63 − 0.23 0.16 0.37
UT2 Difficulties emptying the bladder 0.41 0.08 − 0.03 0.57
UT3 Night-time emptying of bladder 0.08 0.35 − 0.06 0.41
UT4 Urinary urgency 0.00 0.95 − 0.02 0.65
UT5 Stress incontinence 0.34 0.38 0.08 0.30
UT6 Urinary problems limiting social activities 0.66 − 0.04 0.28 0.00
UT7 Urinary problems affecting QoL 0.77 0.07 0.01 0.78
UT8 Worrying about urinary problems 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.58
Reliability 0.82 –* –* 0.71*
Work life Dim 1 Dim 2 Dim 1 Dim 2
WORK1 Health reasons for stopping working 0.18 0.38 0.40 0.30
WORK2 Self-assessed capacity to work − 0.86 − 0.11 − 0.90 0.04
WORK3

Considering your health, still at

present work in 2-year time

− 0.87 0.05 − 0.74 − 0.01
WORK4 Work ability and physical demands 0.89 0.02 0.92 0.02
WORK5

Work ability and mental /

psychological demands

0.87 − 0.01 0.77 − 0.02
WORK6 Work problems affecting QoL 0.09 0.68 0.38 0.54
WORK7 Financial problems affecting QoL 0.17 0.65 0.26 0.54
WORK8 Worry about future working life − 0.21 0.93 − 0.11 0.88
WORK9 Worry about future work capacity 0.00 0.83 0.17 0.71
WORK10 Worry about future finances 0.00 0.83 − 0.01 0.68
Reliability 0.91 0.93 0.91 0.88

Italic values: Issue correlating to domain-specific QoL question

Underline values: Issue with strong loading but without correlation to domain-specific QoL question

*Cronbach's alpha, due to not enough factor loadings for omega coefficient to be calculated

**Omega coefficient = 0.80 without this question