Table 2.
Crude and adjusted analyses assessing the impact of PBD on postoperative HAIs
| Variables | Infection | Non-infection | Crude analysis | Adjusted analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 247) | (n = 2595) | RR, 95% CI | P value | aRR, 95% CI | P value | |
| PBD | ||||||
| No | 159(8.1) | 1806(91.9) | ref. | ref. | ||
| Yes | 88(10.0) | 789(90.0) | 1.267(0.964,1.665) | 0.09 | 1.112(0.828,1.493) | 0.48 |
| Type of PBD | ||||||
| Non-PBD | 159(8.1) | 1806(91.9) | ref. | ref. | ||
| PTBD | 68(10.2) | 599(89.8) | 1.289(0.957,1.738) | 0.095 | 1.144(0.830,1.576) | 0.412 |
| EBS | 11(8.0) | 127(92.0) | 0.984(0.520,1.860) | 0.96 | 0.836(0.436,1.602) | 0.588 |
| ENBD | 9(12.5) | 63(87.5) | 1.623(0.792,3.324) | 0.186 | 1.402(0.674,2.913) | 0.366 |
| Interval between PBD and PD | ||||||
| Non-PBD | 159(8.1) | 1806(91.9) | ref. | ref. | ||
| ≤1 week | 20(12.0) | 146(88.0) | 1.556(0.949,2.552) | 0.08 | 1.373(0.824,2.286) | 0.224 |
| 1–4 week | 40(9.2) | 395(90.8) | 1.150(0.800,1.654) | 0.45 | 0.985(0.672,1.443) | 0.937 |
| ≥4 week | 28(10.1) | 248(89.9) | 1.282(0.840,1.958) | 0.249 | 1.162(0.748,1.806) | 0.504 |
PBD preoperative biliary drainage, HAIs healthcare-associated infections, PTBD percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, EBS endoscopic biliary stenting, ENBD endoscopic nasobiliary drainage, RR risk ratios, RR risk ratios, aRR adjusted risk ratios, 95% CI 95% confidence interval