Table 3.
Treatment parameters included in the study.
| Included studies | Included studies | Position (U/L) | BTX-A dosage | Shock wave | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | (T/C) | Pulse count | Treatment pressure | Frequency of treatment | Operation frequency | ||
| Megna et al. (37) | BTX-A + ESWT + Routine rehabilitation | BTX-A + Routine rehabilitation | U, L | 779.21 ± 5.56/781.35 ± 9.18 | 1,500 times | 1.5 bar | 1, 4, 7 days after injection | - |
| Santamato et al. (38) | BTX-A + ESWT | BTX-A + ES | U | 112.4 ± 22.7/118.6 ± 26.4 | 1,000 times | - | Once /d for 5 consecutive days | 4 Hz |
| Lu (41) | BTX-A + ESWT + Routine rehabilitation | Routine rehabilitation | - | Each group 20-40 U, total dose ≤500 U | 3,000 times | 1.5 bar | Twice a week for 2 weeks | 10 Hz |
| Liang et al. (40) | BTX-A + ESWT + Routine rehabilitation | Routine rehabilitation | U | The maximum injection volume of each group is 100 U | 1,500–2,000 times | 2Bar | Twice a week for 6 weeks | 10 Hz |
| Duan et al. (39) | BTX-A + ESWT + Routine rehabilitation | BTX-A + Routine rehabilitation+ pseudo-ESWT | L | The maximum injection volume of each group is 100 U | 2,000 times | 2-3Bar | 1–3 days, once/day; From 2 weeks, once/3days for 4 weeks | 8 Hz |
| Wang et al. (42) | BTX-A + ESWT + Routine rehabilitation | BTX-A + Routine rehabilitation | U, L | Total dose ≤400 U | 1,500–2,000 times | 2Bar | Once a week for 4 weeks | 8 Hz |
T is the treatment group; C is the control group; U is the upper lambs; L is the lower limbs; BTX-A, botulinum toxin type A; ESWT, extracorporeal shock wave therapy; ES, electrical stimulation; “-” means not reported.