Table 1.
Comparison between baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes of L-LLS stratified by BMI
| All N = 2183 | Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) N = 84 | Normal BMI (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) N = 1114 | Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9kg/m2) N = 722 | Obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) N = 263 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (IQR), yrs | 61 (50–70) | 59 (42–72) | 59 (49–69) | 63 (53–71) | 61 (53–71) | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 1266 (58.0%) | 31 (36.9%) | 643 (57.7%) | 459 (63.6%) | 133 (50.6%) | <0.001 |
| Year of surgery, n (%) 2004–2009 2010–2015 2016–2021 |
182 (8.3%) 666 (30.5%) 1335 (61.2%) |
7 (8.3%) 35 (41.7%) 42 (50.0%) |
88 (7.9%) 328 (29.4%) 698 (62.7%) |
62 (8.6%) 217 (30.1%) 443 (61.3%) |
25 (9.5%) 86 (32.7%) 152 (57.8%) |
0.262 |
| Previous abdominal surgery, n/total (%) | 610/2104 (29.0%) | 16/82 (19.5%) | 277/1078 (25.7%) | 216/691 (31.3%) | 101/253 (39.9%) | <0.001 |
| ASA score, n/total (%) 1/2 3/4 |
1716/2182 (78.6%) 466/2182 (21.4%) |
64/84 (76.2%) 20/84 (23.8%) |
930/1113 (83.6%) 183/1113 (16.4%) |
539/722 (74.6%) 183/722 (25.4%) |
183/263 (69.6%) 80/263 (30.4%) |
<0.001 |
| Pathology HCC/ICC/cholangiohepatoma CRLM Other metastases Other primary malignancy Benign |
1076/2179 (49.4%) 378/2179 (17.3%) 106/2179 (4.9%) 13/2179 (0.6%) 606/2179 (27.8%) |
39/84 (46.4%) 8/84 (9.5%) 6/84 (7.2%) 0/84 (0.0%) 31/84 (36.9%) |
586/1113 (52.7) 172/1113 (15.5) 47/1113 (4.2) 8/1113 (0.7) 300/1113 (26.9) |
342/719 (47.6) 146/719 (20.3) 38/719 (5.2) 5/719 (0.7) 188/719 (26.2) |
109/263 (41.4) 52/263 (19.8) 15/263 (5.7) 0/263 (0.0) 87/263 (33.1) |
0.007 |
| Median tumor size, mm (IQR) | 35 (22–60) | 40 (23–60) | 32 (20–57) | 38 (24–60) | 40 (25–70) | 0.002 |
| Multiple tumors, n (%) | 319 (14.6%) | 6 (7.1%) | 149 (13.4%) | 111 (15.4%) | 53 (20.2%) | 0.008 |
| Median Iwate difficulty score, (IQR) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (4–5) | 0.579 |
| Iwate difficulty, n (%) Low Intermediate High Expert |
136 (6.2%) 2025 (92.8%) 22 (1.0%) 0 (0.0%) |
2 (2.4%) 81 (96.4%) 1 (1.2%) 0 (0.0%) |
71 (6.4%) 1033 (92.7%) 10 (0.9%) 0 (0.0%) |
50 (6.9%) 663 (91.8%) 9 (1.3%) 0 (0.0%) |
13 (4.9%) 248 (94.3%) 2 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) |
0.608 |
| Open conversion, n (%) | 74 (3.4%) | 5 (6.0%) | 26 (2.3%) | 31 (4.3%) | 12 (4.6%) | 0.025 |
| Mean operating time (SD), min | 173 (89) | 177 (181) | 161 (79) | 183 (84) | 192 (94) | <0.001 |
| Mean blood loss (SD), ml | 161 (251) | 178 (408) | 143 (223) | 168 (222) | 212 (350) | <0.001 |
| Intraoperative blood transfusion, n (%) | 75 (3.4%) | 3 (3.6%) | 37 (3.3%) | 21 (2.9%) | 14 (5.3%) | 0.325 |
| Pringle maneuver applied, n/total (%) | 417/2102 (19.8%) | 16/79 (20.3%) | 197/1074 (18.3%) | 139/697 (19.9%) | 65/252 (25.8%) | 0.072 |
| Mean postoperative stay (SD), days | 6 (5) | 6 (4) | 6 (5) | 6 (5) | 5 (4) | 0.005 |
| Postoperative morbidity, n (%) | 273 (12.5%) | 12 (14.3%) | 127 (11.4%) | 90 (12.5%) | 44 (16.7%) | 0.124 |
| Major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3) | 63 (2.9%) | 1 (1.2%) | 38 (3.4%) | 18 (2.5%) | 6 (2.3%) | 0.556 |
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 7 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (0.4%) | 2 (0.3%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1.000 |
| 90-day mortality, n (%) | 13 (0.6%) | 1 (1.2%) | 8 (0.7%) | 3 (0.4) | 1 (0.4%) | 0.581 |