Table 3.

Disparities in severe maternal morbidity rates before and after adjustment for comorbidity score, California birth data, 2011–2017

Subpopulations	Crude RR (95% CI)	Adjusted RR (95% CI)
Race-Ethnicity (n = 3,225,224)*
American Indian-Alaska Native	1.64 (1.44, 1.87)	1.42 (1.24, 1.63)
Asian	1.13 (1.10, 1.17)	1.27 (1.23, 1.31)
Black	1.97 (1.90, 2.04)	1.58 (1.52, 1.64)
Latinx	1.25 (1.23, 1.28)	1.31 (1.28, 1.34)
Pacific Islander	1.67 (1.60, 1.75)	1.47 (1.40, 1.54)
White	Reference	Reference
Multi-race	1.33 (1.27, 1.39)	1.21 (1.15, 1.26)
Other	1.04 (0.80, 1.36)	1.04 (0.79, 1.37)
Nativity (n = 3,308,355)*
Born in U.S.	Reference	Reference
Not born in U.S.	0.99 (0.97, 1.01)	1.08 (1.06, 1.10)
Payment method (n = 3,304,448)*
Commercial insurance	Reference	Reference
Government programs	1.13 (1.11, 1.15)	1.17 (1.15, 1.19)
Other	0.86 (0.82, 0.90)	0.99 (0.95, 1.04)
Educational Attainment (n = 3,165,563)*
Less than high school graduate	1.28 (1.25, 1.31)	1.28 (1.25, 1.32)
High school graduate or equivalent	1.16 (1.14, 1.19)	1.15 (1.12, 1.18)
Some college	1.06 (1.04, 1.09)	1.01 (0.98, 1.03)
College graduate or higher	Reference	Reference

SMM, severe maternal morbidity; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval

^*Sample sizes differ because of each the four stratified models excluded only individuals missing that sociodemographic factor of interest.