Table 1.
Main characteristics of individual studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study, year | Country | Duration | Study design | Sample size | Age | Follow-up (mo) | Cancer type | Treatment | Cut-off | Survival outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang 2019 1[17] | China | 2005–2019 | Retrospective | 139 | Median: 67 | NR | Mixed | With-surgery | 507 | OS |
| Zhang 2019 2[17] | China | 2005–2019 | Retrospective | 70 | Median: 66 | NR | Mixed | With-surgery | 507 | OS |
| Bi 2020[18] | China | 2004–2014 | Retrospective | 387 | 69.49 ± 10.84 | Median: 108 | NMIBC | With-surgery | 467.76 | OS, CSS |
| Pan 2020[19] | China | 2012–2014 | Retrospective | 113 | NR | NR | MIBC | With-surgery | 632.17 | OS |
| Yilmaz 2020[14] | Turkey | 1999–2019 | Retrospective | 152 | Median: 66 | Median: 16 | MIBC | With-surgery | 768 | OS, PFS |
| Grossmann 2021[20] | 12 countries | NR | Retrospective | 4335 | Median: 67 | Median: 42 | Mixed | With-surgery | NR | OS, RFS, CSS |
| Katayama 2021[15] | US and Europe | 1996–2007 | Retrospective | 1117 | Median: 67 | Median: 64 | NMIBC | With-surgery | 580 | OS, RFS, CSS, PFS |
| Ke 2021[21] | China | 2014–2021 | Retrospective | 184 | 61.88 ± 10.63 | Median: 15 | NMIBC | Immunotherapy | 439.8333 | RFS |
| Yamashita 2021[22] | Japan | 2009–2018 | Retrospective | 237 | Median: 73 | Median: 38 | Mixed | With-surgery | 438 | OS, CSS |
| Zhao 2021[23] | China | 2013–2018 | Retrospective | 216 | Median: 59 | Mean: 59.41 | NMIBC | With-surgery | 276.685 | RFS |
| Li 2022[24] | China | 2014–2017 | Retrospective | 257 | NR | Median: 63 | NMIBC | With-surgery | 340.57 | RFS |
| Wang 2022[25] | China | 2014–2020 | Retrospective | 330 | 65.74 ± 11.86 | 21.42 ± 17.23 | NMIBC | Immunotherapy | 895.95 | RFS |
CSS = cancer-specific survival, MIBC = muscle-invasive bladder cancer, NMIBC = non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, NOS = Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, NR = not reported, OS = overall survival, PFS = progression-free survival, RFS = recurrence-free survival.