Figure 1.

Assessment of RNA-Seq data in tree peony buds treated with chilling. A) Representative phenotypes of 5-yr-old grafted tree peony plants used for chilling treatment for promoting the bud endodormancy release. The apical buds are marked in dashed circles. Contents of ABA B) and bioactive GAs GA₁ and GA₃C) in tree peony buds at various days after chilling treatment. D) Number of up- and downregulated transcripts in tree peony buds with the pairwise comparisons of S1-vs-S2, S1-vs-S3, and S2-vs-S3. The S1, S2, and S3 stages represent 0, 15, and 30 d after chilling treatment, respectively. E) Venn diagram of DEGs for different pairwise comparisons. The shared genes are present in the overlapped regions. F) Violin plot of transcript abundances of DEGs in chilling-treated buds, with the abundances being shown as log₂-transformed RPKM. Hollow circles indicate median values, solid boxes range from the 25th to 75th percentiles, and thin lines connect the lower adjacent value to upper adjacent value. Error bars indicate the Se of the means from 3 biological replicates. Statistical significance was evaluated using Student's t test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01) and marked by asterisks.