Table 2.
The incidence (per 10,000 PY) and risk factors for BPH.
| Variable | Event | PY | Rate† | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR‡ (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carpal tunnel syndrome or trigger finger | |||||
| No | 5182 | 239,001 | 21.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | 1141 | 37,017 | 30.8 | 1.42 (1.33, 1.52)*** | 1.36 (1.29, 1.43)*** |
| Trigger finger | 831 | 20,232 | 41.1 | 1.91 (1.77, 2.05)*** | 1.31 (1.22, 1.40)*** |
| Both | 1972 | 57,249 | 34.5 | 1.59 (1.51, 1.68)*** | 1.43 (1.33, 1.54)*** |
| Age, yr | |||||
| ≤49 | 1047 | 156,719 | 6.68 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 50–64 | 2917 | 97,829 | 29.8 | 4.58 (4.27, 4.92)*** | 3.83 (3.56, 4.12)*** |
| ≥65 | 3190 | 41,703 | 76.5 | 12.0 (11.2, 12.9)*** | 8.07 (7.47, 8.73)*** |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Diabetes | |||||
| No | 6241 | 279,580 | 22.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 913 | 16,670 | 54.8 | 2.49 (2.32, 2.67)*** | 1.08 (1.01, 1.16)*** |
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 3363 | 217,577 | 15.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3791 | 78,674 | 48.2 | 3.18 (3.04, 3.34)*** | 1.18 (1.11, 1.24)*** |
| Hyperlipidemia | |||||
| No | 4591 | 237,571 | 19.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2563 | 58,680 | 43.7 | 2.30 (2.19, 2.41)*** | 1.18 (1.11, 1.25)*** |
| Coronary artery disease | |||||
| No | 4843 | 258,489 | 18.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2311 | 37,762 | 61.2 | 3.33 (3.17, 3.50)*** | 1.23 (1.16, 1.30)*** |
| Heart failure | |||||
| No | 6755 | 291,041 | 23.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 399 | 5210 | 76.6 | 3.41 (3.08, 3.77)*** | 1.07 (0.96, 1.19) |
| COPD | |||||
| No | 5293 | 264,900 | 20.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1861 | 31,351 | 59.4 | 3.04 (2.88, 3.20)*** | 1.30 (1.22, 1.37)*** |
| Chronic kidney disease | |||||
| No | 6947 | 292,314 | 23.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 207 | 3937 | 52.6 | 2.26 (1.97, 2.60)*** | 0.91 (0.79, 1.05) |
| Hyperthyroidism | |||||
| No | 7073 | 293,646 | 24.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 81 | 2604 | 31.1 | 1.31 (1.05, 1.63)* | 1.04 (0.83, 1.29) |
| Sleep disorders | |||||
| No | 5347 | 254,610 | 21.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1807 | 41,641 | 43.4 | 2.12 (2.01, 2.24)*** | 1.32 (1.25, 1.40)*** |
| Gout | |||||
| No | 5383 | 253,753 | 21.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1771 | 42,497 | 41.7 | 2.00 (1.89, 2.11)*** | 1.15 (1.08, 1.22)*** |
| Osteoporosis | |||||
| No | 6688 | 288,526 | 23.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 466 | 7725 | 60.3 | 2.65 (2.41, 2.91)*** | 1.09 (0.99, 1.21) |
| Depression | |||||
| No | 6644 | 285,764 | 23.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 510 | 10,487 | 48.6 | 2.13 (1.94, 2.33)*** | 1.34 (1.22, 1.47)*** |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | |||||
| No | 7147 | 296,040 | 24.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 7 | 210 | 33.3 | 1.40 (0.67, 2.94) | 0.71 (0.34, 1.50) |
| Osteoarthritis | |||||
| No | 4715 | 251,027 | 18.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2439 | 45,223 | 53.9 | 2.95 (2.81, 3.10)*** | 1.31 (1.24, 1.39)*** |
BPH = benign prostatic hyperplasia, CI = confidence intervals, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR = hazard ratios, PY = person-years.
†
Rate, incidence rate, per 10,000 PY.
‡
Adjusted HR multivariable analysis including age, and comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, heart failure, COPD, chronic kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, sleep disorders, gout, osteoporosis, depression, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis.
*
P < .05.
***
P < .001.