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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sleep Health. 2023 Sep 30;10(1 Suppl):S84–S88. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.08.011

Figure 2. Circadian- and wake- dependent effects on Face Name Task (FNT) performance in men and women across 3 weeks of forced desynchrony (FD) with restricted sleep.

Figure 2.

Panels A-C: FNT performance decreased with longer time awake in each of the three weeks of FD. Panels D-F: Women (red diamonds) exhibited significant circadian modulation of FNT performance in all three FD weeks, whereas men’s (blue squares) performance did not exhibit a significant circadian rhythm in FD weeks 2 or 3, and only a trend in FD week 1. Fitted cosine waves are shown for women (orange) and men (blue) in D-F, along with average values. Open symbols and error bars depict means±SEM.