Table 2.

ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and EBGM methods, formulas, and thresholds.

Method	Formula	Threshold
ROR	$\text{ROR}=\frac{(a/c)}{(b/d)}=\frac{\mathit{ad}}{\mathit{bc}}$ $\text{SE}(\text{lnROR})=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\text{a}},+,\frac{1}{\text{b}},+,\frac{1}{\text{c}},+,\frac{1}{\text{d}}\right)}$ $95\%\mathrm{CI}={\text{e}}^{\text{ln}(\text{ROR})\pm 1.96\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\text{a}},+,\frac{1}{\text{b}},+,\frac{1}{\text{c}},+,\frac{1}{\text{d}}\right)}}$	a ≥ 3 and 95% CI (lower limit) > 1
PRR	$\text{PRR}=\frac{a/(a+b)}{c/(c+d)}$ SE (lnPRR) = $\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{\text{c}+\text{d}}}$ $95\%\mathrm{CI}$=$e^{\text{ln}(\text{PRR})\pm 1.96\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{\text{c}+\text{d}}}}$	a ≥ 3 and 95% CI (lower limit) > 1
BCPNN	IC = ${\mathit{log}}_2\frac{p(x,y)}{p(x)p(y)}={\mathit{log}}_2\frac{a(a+b+c+d)}{(a+b)(a+c)}$ E (IC) = ${\mathit{log}}_2\frac{(a+\gamma 11)(a+b+c+d+\alpha )(a+b+c+d+\beta )}{(a+b+c+d+\gamma )(a+b+\alpha 1)(a+c+\beta 1)}$ V (IC) = $\frac{1}{{(ln2)}^2}\left\{\left[\frac{\left(a,+,b,+,c,+,d\right)-a+\gamma -\gamma 11}{\left(a,+,\gamma ,11\right)\left(1,+,a,+,b,+,c,+,d,+,\gamma \right)}\right],+,\left[\frac{\left(a,+,b,+,c,+,d\right)-\left(a,+,b\right)+\alpha -\alpha 1}{\left(a,+,b,+,\alpha ,1\right)\left(1,+,a,+,b,+,c,+,d,+,\alpha \right)}\right],+,\left[\frac{\left(a,+,b,+,c,+,d\right)-\left(a,+,c\right)+\beta -\beta 1}{\left(a,+,c,+,\beta ,1\right)\left(1,+,a,+,b,+,c,+,d,+,\beta \right)}\right]\right\}$ $\gamma =\gamma 11\frac{(a+b+c+d+\alpha )(a+b+c+d+\beta )}{(a+b+\alpha 1)(a+c+\beta 1)}$ IC-2SD = E(IC)-2 $\sqrt{V(IC)}$	IC025 > 0
EBGM	$\text{EBGM}=\frac{a(a+b+c+d)}{(a+c)(a+b)}$ $95\%\mathrm{CI}={\text{e}}^{\text{ln}(\text{EBGM})\pm 1.96\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\text{a}},+,\frac{1}{\text{b}},+,\frac{1}{\text{c}},+,\frac{1}{\text{d}}\right)}}$	EBGM05 > 2