Table 2.
Main regulatory mechanisms of Atg7 at DNA and RNA levels
| Regulation mechanism | Physiological processes and diseases | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA level | G4-ligand | PDS | Neurodegeneration; Lewy Body disease | 14 |
| BRACO19 | Memory deficits | 15 | ||
| Transcription factor | FOXO1 | Bone formation; NK cell development, Innate immunity; Cancer treatment, including human cholangiocarcinoma, BC tumorigenesis | 26,29,31,243 | |
| FOXO3 | An anti-neoplastic mechanism | 32 | ||
| HSF1 | Tumorigenesis | 35 | ||
| TGF-β1 | Fibrosis of many tissues, including liver, kidney, vocal fold, ureter, lung, and skin | 40–45 | ||
| STAT3 | Skeletal muscle atrophy | 46,48 | ||
| mRNA level | M6A-methylation | Osteoarthritis; Drug resistance | 63–65 | |
| miRNA | miR-129-5p | Heart failure | 68 | |
| miR-143, miR-182-5p, miR-20b-5p | Myocardial I/R injury | 69–71 | ||
| miR-542-5p | H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury | 73 | ||
| miR-7-5p, miR-138-5p; MiR-1236-3p | DDP resistance | 80,81,83 | ||
| miR-17 | Glioblastoma development; Prostate cancer | 95,96 | ||
| miR-20a | Glioma development; Prostate cancer | 95,97 | ||
| miRNA-93a | Prolactinomas; Pituitary adenomas | 103 | ||
| miR-106a | Colorectal cancer | 104 | ||
| miR-210, miR-138-5p | Lung cancer | 106 | ||
| miR-190A, miR-582-5p, miR-154 | Bladder cancer | 108,109 | ||
| miR-1275, miR-348 | Breast cancer | 110 | ||
| miR-202-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-654-5p | DD/IDD | 116–118 | ||
| miR-508-5p, miR-192-5p | AS | 119,120 | ||
| lncRNA | IncRNA APF | Myocardial infarction | 75 | |
| lncRNA H19, lncRNA CHRF | Myocardial I/R injury | 69,70 | ||
| LncRNA 0003250 | Se deficiency | 79 | ||
| lncRNA CCAT1, lncRNA DANCR, lncRNA TINCR | HCC | 92–94 | ||
| circRNA | circRACGAP1 | Gastric cancer | 87 | |
| circRNA0006948 | Osteosarcoma | 144 | ||
| circRNA0092276 | Breast cancer | 110 | ||
| RBP | HuR | renal tubular cell apoptosis | 146,147 | |
| LIN28A | Breast cancer | 148 | ||