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. 2024 Mar 29;14:7536. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-58165-w

Table 1.

Association of Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants with confirmatory H. pylori tests.

Variable SAT P value H. pylori IgG P value
Positive (108) Negative (92) Positive (157) Negative (43)
Age (years) Mean ± SD 39.41 ± 16.36 33.73 ± 14.22 0.744 24.37 ± 9.32 21.90 ± 8.74 0.001*
BMI (kg/m2) Mean ± SD 33.75 ± 4.24 23.95 ± 4.47 0.015* 39.57 ± 6.46 26.69 ± 5.21  < 0.001*
No. (%) No. (%) No. (%) No. (%) No. (%)
Gender
 Male 92 (46) 52 (48.1%) 40 (43.5) 0.509 88 (56.1%) 21 (48.8%) 0.095
 Female 108 (54) 56 (51.9%) 52 (56.5%) 69 (43.9%) 22 (51.2%)
Residency
 Rural 110 (55) 63 (58.3%) 47 (51.1%) 0.305 68 (43.3%) 24 (55.8%) 0.145
 Urban 90 (45) 45 (41.7%) 46 (48.9%) 89 (56.7%) 19 (44.2%)
Education level
 Elementary 105 (52.5) 62 (57.4%) 43 (46.7%) 0.089 87 (55.4%) 18 (41.9%) 0.239
 High school 54 (27) 30 (27.8%) 24 (26.1%) 41 (261%) 13 (30.2%)
 Professional 41 (20.5) 16 (14.8%) 25 (27.2%) 29 (18.5%) 12 (27.9%)
Vegetables and fruit eating
 Yes 172 (86) 98 (90.7%) 74 (80.4%) 0.036* 131 (83.4%) 41 (95.3%) 0.046*
 No 28 (14) 10 (9.3%) 18 (19.6%) 26 (16.6%) 2 (4.7%)
Khat (Catha edulis) Chewing
 Yes 148 (74) 81 (75%) 67 (72.8%) 0.727 121 (77.1%) 27 (62.8%) 0.059
 No 52 (26) 27 (25%) 25 (27.2%) 36 (22.9%) 16 (37.2%)
Smoking
 Yes 48 (24) 27 (25) 21 (22.8%) 0.720 45 (28.7%) 3 (7%) 0.003*
 No 152 (76) 81 (75) 71 (77.2%) 112 (71.3%) 40 (93%)
Family history of H. pylori
 Yes 127 (63.5) 68 (63%) 59 (64.1%) 0.864 107 (68.2%) 20 (46.5%) 0.009*
 No 73 (36.5) 40 (37%) 33 (35.9%) 50 (31.8%) 23 (53.5%)
Family history of PUD
 Yes 60 (30) 33 (30.6%) 27 (29.3%) 0.853 54 (34.4%) 6 (14%) 0.010*
 No 140 (70) 75 (69.4%) 65 (70.7%) 103 (65.6%) 37 (86%)
Treatment
 Yes 109 (54.5) 51 (47.2%) 58 (63%) 0.025* 96 (61.1%) 13 (30.2%)  < 0.001*
 No 91 (45.5) 57 (52.8%) 34 (37%) 61 (38.9%) 30 (69.8%)
Recurrent infection
 Yes 89 (44.5) 58 (53.7%) 31 (33.7%) 0.005* 83 (52.9%) 6 (14%)  < 0.001*
 No 111 (55.5) 50 (46.3%) 61 (66.3%) 74 (47.1%) 37 (86%)
Endoscopy
 Yes 18 (9%) 14 (13%) 4 (4.3%) 0.034* 16 (10.2%) 2 (4.7%) 0.261
 No 182 (91%) 94 (87%) 88 (95.7%) 141 (89.8%) 41 (95.3%)

The results represented by frequency and percent %, H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori, PUD peptic ulcer disease, BMI body mass index, P ≤ 0.05 considered as significant.