Table 1.
Association of Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants with confirmatory H. pylori tests.
| Variable | SAT | P value | H. pylori IgG | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive (108) | Negative (92) | Positive (157) | Negative (43) | ||||
| Age (years) | Mean ± SD | 39.41 ± 16.36 | 33.73 ± 14.22 | 0.744 | 24.37 ± 9.32 | 21.90 ± 8.74 | 0.001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Mean ± SD | 33.75 ± 4.24 | 23.95 ± 4.47 | 0.015* | 39.57 ± 6.46 | 26.69 ± 5.21 | < 0.001* |
| No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 92 (46) | 52 (48.1%) | 40 (43.5) | 0.509 | 88 (56.1%) | 21 (48.8%) | 0.095 |
| Female | 108 (54) | 56 (51.9%) | 52 (56.5%) | 69 (43.9%) | 22 (51.2%) | ||
| Residency | |||||||
| Rural | 110 (55) | 63 (58.3%) | 47 (51.1%) | 0.305 | 68 (43.3%) | 24 (55.8%) | 0.145 |
| Urban | 90 (45) | 45 (41.7%) | 46 (48.9%) | 89 (56.7%) | 19 (44.2%) | ||
| Education level | |||||||
| Elementary | 105 (52.5) | 62 (57.4%) | 43 (46.7%) | 0.089 | 87 (55.4%) | 18 (41.9%) | 0.239 |
| High school | 54 (27) | 30 (27.8%) | 24 (26.1%) | 41 (261%) | 13 (30.2%) | ||
| Professional | 41 (20.5) | 16 (14.8%) | 25 (27.2%) | 29 (18.5%) | 12 (27.9%) | ||
| Vegetables and fruit eating | |||||||
| Yes | 172 (86) | 98 (90.7%) | 74 (80.4%) | 0.036* | 131 (83.4%) | 41 (95.3%) | 0.046* |
| No | 28 (14) | 10 (9.3%) | 18 (19.6%) | 26 (16.6%) | 2 (4.7%) | ||
| Khat (Catha edulis) Chewing | |||||||
| Yes | 148 (74) | 81 (75%) | 67 (72.8%) | 0.727 | 121 (77.1%) | 27 (62.8%) | 0.059 |
| No | 52 (26) | 27 (25%) | 25 (27.2%) | 36 (22.9%) | 16 (37.2%) | ||
| Smoking | |||||||
| Yes | 48 (24) | 27 (25) | 21 (22.8%) | 0.720 | 45 (28.7%) | 3 (7%) | 0.003* |
| No | 152 (76) | 81 (75) | 71 (77.2%) | 112 (71.3%) | 40 (93%) | ||
| Family history of H. pylori | |||||||
| Yes | 127 (63.5) | 68 (63%) | 59 (64.1%) | 0.864 | 107 (68.2%) | 20 (46.5%) | 0.009* |
| No | 73 (36.5) | 40 (37%) | 33 (35.9%) | 50 (31.8%) | 23 (53.5%) | ||
| Family history of PUD | |||||||
| Yes | 60 (30) | 33 (30.6%) | 27 (29.3%) | 0.853 | 54 (34.4%) | 6 (14%) | 0.010* |
| No | 140 (70) | 75 (69.4%) | 65 (70.7%) | 103 (65.6%) | 37 (86%) | ||
| Treatment | |||||||
| Yes | 109 (54.5) | 51 (47.2%) | 58 (63%) | 0.025* | 96 (61.1%) | 13 (30.2%) | < 0.001* |
| No | 91 (45.5) | 57 (52.8%) | 34 (37%) | 61 (38.9%) | 30 (69.8%) | ||
| Recurrent infection | |||||||
| Yes | 89 (44.5) | 58 (53.7%) | 31 (33.7%) | 0.005* | 83 (52.9%) | 6 (14%) | < 0.001* |
| No | 111 (55.5) | 50 (46.3%) | 61 (66.3%) | 74 (47.1%) | 37 (86%) | ||
| Endoscopy | |||||||
| Yes | 18 (9%) | 14 (13%) | 4 (4.3%) | 0.034* | 16 (10.2%) | 2 (4.7%) | 0.261 |
| No | 182 (91%) | 94 (87%) | 88 (95.7%) | 141 (89.8%) | 41 (95.3%) | ||
The results represented by frequency and percent %, H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori, PUD peptic ulcer disease, BMI body mass index, P ≤ 0.05 considered as significant.