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. 2024 Mar 29;15:2764. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46994-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — A UMAP plot showing clustering identified by stLearn on TMA1 and TMA2. B Spatial visualization of stLearn clusters. C, D show the trajectories identified leading from Borderline IPMN local sub-clusters clade 69 and clade 11 (Angel blue) to HGD Gastric IPMN (Purple). Spearman Coefficient Correlation of transition markers identified to be associated with trajectory toward HGD Gastric IPMN of clade 69 (E) and clade 11 (F). G Diffusion showing the association between Pseudotime showing the evolution from LGD to HGD Gastric IPMN. H Heatmap showing the correlation with the expression of the transcription factors that we have identified to be markers of LGD IPMN (HOXB3, ZNF117), Borderline IPMN (SPDEF, NR4A2), HGD Gastric IPMN (NKX6-2). MDSC myeloid derived suppressor cell, DC dendritic cell, TMA tissue micro array, LGD low-grade-dysplasia, HGD high-grade-dysplasia.