Table 2.
Characteristics of the adult participants included in the analysis for each country
| Characteristic | Ethiopia (n = 7686) | Bangladesh (n = 6731) | Brazil (n = 7241) | England (n = 2691) | USA (n = 3743) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, range | 18 – 69 | 18 – 69 | 18 – 69 | 18 – 69 | 18 – 69 | < 0.001 |
| 18–24 | 1388 (26.9) | 717 (20.7) | 540 (9.20) | 153 (8.40) | 428 (11.5) | |
| 25–34 | 2442 (33.1) | 1739 (28.0) | 1502 (24.3) | 408 (16.6) | 577 (18.1) | |
| 35–44 | 1794 (18.8) | 1904 (18.9) | 1806 (22.7) | 523 (20.5) | 612 (17.3) | |
| 45–54 | 1119 (12.2) | 1356 (13.6) | 1626 (21.0) | 614 (22.7) | 728 (19.6) | |
| 55–64 | 654 (6.60) | 812 (13.4) | 1268 (16.7) | 669 (21.6) | 985 (23.8) | |
| 65–69 | 298 (2.60) | 203 (5.30) | 499 (6.10) | 324 (10.2) | 413 (9.6) | |
| Male sex | 3219 (55.2) | 3073 (48.4) | 3042 (47.9) | 1194 (49.5) | 1826 (50.3) | < 0.001 |
| Highest education level | < 0.001 | |||||
| Primary school or less | 6791 (88.4) | 5282 (78.0) | 3737 (45.9) | NA | 245 (3.00) | |
| Secondary or high school | 493 (6.90) | 1050 (17.3) | 2370 (36.1) | 610 (21.4) | 1205 (32.1) | |
| College or university | 7 (0.10) | 399 (4.70) | 1134 (18.0) | 1699 (65.3) | 2143 (62.3) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 20.4 ± 2.97 (a; e; f; g) | 22.5 ± 4.35 (a; b; c; d) | 26.5 ± 5.15 (d; g; i; j) | 27.1 ± 5.29 (c; f; h; j) | 30.0 ± 7.54 (b; e; h; i) | < 0.001 |
| Underweight | 1775 (23.5) | 909 (14.8) | 169 (2.4) | 33 (1.4) | 56 (1.6) | |
| Healthy weight | 5120 (70.0) | 3855 (60.1) | 2818 (40.1) | 955 (37.3) | 871 (24.5) | |
| Overweight / obese | 791 (6.5) | 1967 (25.1) | 4254 (57.5) | 1703 (61.3) | 2816 (73.4) | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 121 ± 17.94 (a; e; f; g) | 121 ± 18.29 (a; b; c; d) | 124 ± 17.85 (d; g; i) | 124 ± 15.12 (c; f; h) | 119 ± 15.95 (b; e; h; i) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 78 ± 11.70 (a; e; f) | 78 ± 11.78 (a; b; c) | 78 ± 11.36 (i; j) | 73 ± 10.57 (c; f; j) | 74 ± 10.84 (b; e; i) | < 0.001 |
| On treatment for BP | 120 (1.1) | 545 (6.0) | 1125 (15.1) | 303 (9.5) | 1030 (23.1) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 131 ± 31.95 (a; e; f; g) | 170 ± 37.48 (a; b; c; d) | 184 ± 38.62 (d; g; j) | 198 ± 41.68 (c; f; h; j) | 186 ± 41.48 (b; e; h) | < 0.001 |
| On treatment for lipids | 8 (0.0) | 76 (0.8) | 648 (3.7) | 279 (8.2) | 738 (18.2) | < 0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 79.6 ± 20.24 (a; e; f; g) | 97.5 ± 31.67 (a; b; c; d) | NA | NA | NA | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | NA | NA | 5.47 ± 0.95 (d; g) | 5.53 ± 0.76 (c; f) | 5.76 ± 1.10 (b; e) | < 0.001 |
| On treatment for diabetes | 51 (0.5) | 243 (2.9) | 284 (8.1) | 111 (4.1) | 191 (3.9) | < 0.001 |
| Total active min/wk | 2111 ± 1839 (a; e; f; g) | 1462 ± 1983 (a; b; c; d) | 71 ± 174 (d; g; i; j) | 521 ± 688 (c; f; h; j) | 897 ± 1232 (b; e; h; i) | < 0.001 |
Values are n (%), or mean (± standard deviation), unless otherwise indicated. Weighted values are reported for mean ± standard deviation and for percentages. For smoking prevalence, see Table 3 (low = current smoker, moderate = former smoker, high = never smoker). Letters in italics denote statistical significance at P < 0.001 between the groups sharing the same letter (eg, a indicates the significance between Bangladesh and Ethiopia, b indicates significance between Bangladesh and USA, etc).
BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; NA, data not available.