Figure 1.

Bacopa monnieri extract increases human dermal fibroblast migration

(A) Enriched biological processes after RNA sequencing analysis of fibroblasts treated with Bacopa monnieri extract.

(B) Heatmap of genes associated with cell migration in cells treated with Bacopa monnieri or vehicle control (water).

(C) qPCR analysis of PTGS2 and KIT gene expression.

(D) Transwell migration of cells in the presence of Bacopa monnieri or vehicle control was analyzed by crystal violet staining (left panel) and quantified (right panel). Scale bar: 100 μm.

(E) Scratch migration of cells in the presence of Bacopa or vehicle control (left panel) and quantification (right panel), scale bar: 50 μm. p values were calculated using two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. ∗p ≤ 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001, (n = 3 biological replicates).

(F) Quantification of 2D random migration of fibroblasts treated with Bacopa monnieri extract or vehicle control.

(G–I) Analysis of distance (G), velocity (H), and directness (I) of cell migration of individual fibroblasts in the presence of Bacopa monnieri extract (n = 311 cells) or vehicle control (n = 213 cells). p values were calculated using unpaired Student’s t test. ∗p ≤ 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.