Table 2.

Summary of human studies using resistant starch

First author (year of publication)	Subjects (number)	Intervention/duration	RS	Insulin	Prandial glucose	Others
Roberson et al. (2005) 35	Healthy (10)	Randomized, crossover trial/4 weeks	30 g RS2	↓	NS	No effect on fasting glucose levels
Bodinham et al. (2010) 15	Healthy (20)	Randomized, crossover trial/two meals	48 g HAM‐RS2	↓	NS	No significant change of insulin sensitivity
Bodinham et al. (2014) 41	T2DM (17)	Randomized, crossover trial/12 weeks	40 g HAM‐RS2	NS	↓	No significant change of HbA1c Reduced GLP‐1 on RS regimen
Hallström et al. (2011) 37	Healthy (14)	Randomized, crossover trial/12 weeks	7.7 g RS	↑	↓
Li et al. (2010) 38	Healthy (16)	Crossover trial/one meal	8 g RS	↓	↓
Al‐Tamimi et al. (2010) 39	Healthy (13)	Randomized, crossover trial/one meal	20 g RS4XL	↓	↓
Lin et al. (2015) 40	Healthy (40)	Randomized, 2‐regimen, crossover/one meal	PPB‐R‐203 RS3 Matched daily energy needs	↓	↓	Reduced AUC on RS regimen
	T2DM (44)			NA	↓
Kwak et al. (2012) 36	IFG, IGT, T2DM (90)	Randomized, placebo controlled	6.51 g RS	NS	↓	Improved surrogate markers of endothelial function on RS regimen

AUC, area under the curve; HAM, high‐amylose maize; NA, not applicable; NS, not significant; RS, resistant starch.