Table 4.
Within-Group and Between-Group Effect Sizes for Caregiver-Reported PTSS, Depression and Anxiety.
| Analysis | Assessment Point | Outcome | n | g | 95% CI | Se | z | Q | I2 | Duval and Tweedie |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within-group | Pre-post | PTS | 18 | 1.15 | .86–1.44 | .15 | 7.68*** | 177.87*** | 90.44 | 0 |
| Depression | 7 | (.57) .50 a | (.33–.82) .23–.76 | (.13) | (4.58***) | 14.79* | 59.44 | 1 | ||
| Anxiety | 3 | .52b,c | .34–.71 | .09 | 5.55*** | .08 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Pre-FU I | PTSS | 4 | (.89) .71 a | (.45–1.33) .22–1.21 | (.23) | (3.95***) | 12.69** | 76.35 | 1 | |
| Depression | 3 | .57 b | .36–.78 | .11 | 5.31*** | 5.10 | 60.76 | 0 | ||
| Pre-FU II | PTSS | 3 | .88 c | .30–.1.46 | .09 | 2.96** | 12.86** | 84.45 | 0 | |
| Pre-FU III | PTSS | 6 | 2.02 | 1.34–2.69 | .34 | 5.86*** | 77.37*** | 93.54 | 0 | |
| Between-group | Post | PTSS | 7 | .59 | .19–.98 | .20 | 2.89** | 50.62*** | 88.15 | 0 |
| Depression | 3 | .31 b | −.02–.64 | .17 | 1.87 | 3.58 | 44.14 | 0 |
Note. High risk of bias studies are excluded; n = number of included comparisons; PTSS = Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms.
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.
aRecalculated with imputed studies (trim and fill method according to Duval and Tweedie).
bFixed model assumed due to non-significant Q-value.
cAnalysis includes high risk of bias studies (calculation otherwise not possible due to low number of studies).