Table 1.
The number of deaths and ASDR for ischemic stroke attributed to high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 1990 and 2019, and AAPC of ASDR from 1990 to 2019 in global, quintile SDI regions and 21 GBD regions.
| Location | 1990 |
2019 |
1990–2019 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths number (95% UI) | ASDR (95% UI) | Deaths number | ASDR (95% UI) | AAPC (95% CI) | |
| Global | 414562.0 (160213.3–836789.9) | 13.29 (4.33–28.03) | 612650.0 (229107.4–1276394.5) | 8.08 (2.80–16.97) | −1.69 (−1.90, −1.48)* |
| Socio-demographic index Regions | |||||
| High SDI | 116747.9 (33302.4–251196.3) | 11.30 (3.31–24.38) | 90996.6 (22234.9–207697.6) | 3.92 (1.12–8.67) | −3.58 (−3.83, −3.33)* |
| High-middle SDI | 178994.0 (69886.7–359895.2) | 20.65 (6.96–42.98) | 227020.3 (78182.9–470954.7) | 11.57 (3.87–24.25) | −1.96 (−2.26, −1.66)* |
| Middle SDI | 76827.7 (36694.6–144353.3) | 10.22 (3.61–21.76) | 190151.8 (79938.8–382274.6) | 9.31 (3.32–20.08) | 0.00 (−0.13, 0.12) |
| Low-middle SDI | 32317.8 (14680.2–62589.5) | 7.84 (2.60–16.98) | 81175.7 (34742.8–162466.6) | 7.40 (2.63–15.72) | −0.19 (−0.41, 0.04) |
| Low SDI | 9497.4 (4193.1–18388.2) | 5.89 (1.87–13.04) | 23004.8 (10492.9–45473.4) | 5.92 (2.01–13.16) | −0.33 (−0.53, −0.14)* |
| GBD Regions | |||||
| Andean Latin America | 941.2 (372.8–1908.6) | 5.41 (1.82–11.67) | 1822.9 (601.5–4070.9) | 3.45 (1.07–7.83) | −1.53 (−1.97, −1.08)* |
| Australasia | 2094.3 (543.1–4667.1) | 9.96 (2.53–22.24) | 2299.0 (453.5–5506.8) | 3.84 (0.81–9.08) | −3.18 (−3.62, −2.73)* |
| Caribbean | 1936.6 (755.2–4005.6) | 8.44 (2.97–17.94) | 3595.3 (1280.2–7797.6) | 6.94 (2.47–15.05) | −0.65 (−0.78, −0.51)* |
| Central Asia | 6008.6 (2740.5–11472.5) | 14.29 (5.72–28.68) | 8364.8 (4162.9–15191.3) | 14.48 (5.57–30.04) | 0.13 (−0.29, 0.55) |
| Central Europe | 31915.6 (12191.1–64186.0) | 24.81 (8.54–51.27) | 31856.9 (9047.6–69597.5) | 14.14 (4.23–30.46) | −1.92 (−2.15, −1.69)* |
| Central Latin America | 4462.6 (1811.2–8930.9) | 6.64 (2.24–14.20) | 8407.9 (2708.4–18340.3) | 3.81 (1.17–8.42) | −1.90 (−2.28, −1.53)* |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 968.5 (444.5–1912.5) | 6.83 (2.08–15.49) | 2351.4 (988.9–4782.7) | 6.70 (1.96–15.63) | −0.08 (−0.16, 0.01) |
| East Asia | 70757.8 (35147.8–136058.8) | 11.05 (4.09–23.20) | 188178.1 (73577.7–392766.9) | 10.86 (3.64–23.51) | −0.08 (−0.41, 0.25) |
| Eastern Europe | 85649.2 (34745.7–169585.9) | 34.99 (12.65–70.81) | 79642.2 (28845.4–163293.5) | 22.69 (8.32–46.4) | −1.41 (−2.12, −0.70)* |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 2401.0 (998.5–4945.7) | 4.69 (1.45–10.76) | 6404.8 (2657.2–13387.2) | 5.57 (1.72–13.06) | 0.58 (0.51, 0.65)* |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 19065.9 (5756.3–41641.8) | 11.74 (3.19–26.43) | 22260.0 (4566.1–53204.6) | 3.46 (0.91–7.91) | −4.13 (−4.34, −3.93)* |
| High-income North America | 29043.3 (7893.0–61692.8) | 7.84 (2.25–16.51) | 20640.4 (4661.4–50466.3) | 2.81 (0.71–6.70) | −3.48 (−3.73 to −3.24)* |
| North Africa and Middle East | 16779.5 (8186.4–31123.0) | 12.79 (4.71–27.17) | 44064.2 (21234.7–81159.6) | 12.19 (4.71–25.11) | −0.17 (−0.32, −0.01)* |
| Oceania | 127.3 (62.3–236.5) | 6.13 (2.15–13.64) | 318.0 (163.2–570.2) | 6.18 (2.22–13.18) | 0.01 (−0.10, 0.11) |
| South Asia | 22524.1 (9247.7–43887.4) | 6.31 (1.89–14.23) | 56070.0 (23080.0–114094.2) | 5.14 (1.71–11.24) | −0.70 (−1.27, −0.14)* |
| Southeast Asia | 18977.1 (8112.3–36868.8) | 10.18 (3.36–22.49) | 51253.6 (21387.1–103865.9) | 10.64 (3.63–23.47) | 0.16 (0.06, 0.27)* |
| Southern Latin America | 3753.5 (1291.8–7930.8) | 9.40 (2.90–20.48) | 4288.9 (1182.9–9502.6) | 4.96 (1.4–10.91) | −2.20 (−2.45, −1.94)* |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 1480.8 (600.0–3126.9) | 6.79 (2.13–15.44) | 3443.2 (1282.8–7340.0) | 8.14 (2.43–18.94) | 0.63 (0.06, 1.21)* |
| Tropical Latin America | 11494.6 (5328.3–22038.6) | 16.29 (6.04–33.55) | 15984.5 (5637.3–33618.6) | 7.12 (2.37–15.22) | −2.79 (−2.96, −2.61)* |
| Western Europe | 80044.8 (20726.4–178376.4) | 13.56 (3.65–30.07) | 53233.1 (11026.1–123640.4) | 4.42 (1.05–10.03) | −3.80 (−4.06, −3.53)* |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 4135.9 (1829.0–8034.1) | 6.38 (2.16–13.79) | 8170.7 (3647.1–15985.0) | 5.92 (1.99–13.04) | −0.26 (−0.36, −0.15)* |
ASDR: age-standardized death rate (per 100,000); AAPC: average annual percentage change; UI: uncertainty interval; CI: confidence interval; GBD: global burden of disease; SDI: socio-demographic index. “*” indicates p value <0.05.