Table 1.
Characteristics of the 53 trials included in the analysis
| Trial name | Year published | Primary or secondary prevention | Experimental group | Control group | Intervention duration (months) | Baseline CRP levels (mg/L) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Intervention | N | Intervention | |||||
| Statins | ||||||||
| CARE | 1999 | Secondary | 258 | Pravastatin 40 mg | 214 | Placebo | 60 | 2.30 |
| AFCAPS/TexCaps | 2001 | Primary | 2885 | Lovastatin 20–40 mg | 2834 | Placebo | 12 | 1.60 |
| PRINCE | 2001 | Primary | 865 | Pravastatin 40 mg | 837 | Placebo | 6 | 2.00 |
| MIRACL | 2003 | Secondary | 1186 | Atorvastatin 80 mg | 1216 | Placebo | 4 | 11.50 |
| Athyros et al. (2005) | 2005 | Primary | 100 | Atorvastatin 20 mg + fenofibrate 200 mg | 100 | Fenofibrate 200 mg | 12 | 4.50 |
| DIACOR | 2006 | Primary | 100 | Simvastatin 20 mg + fenofibrate 160 mg | 100 | Fenofibrate 160 mg | 3 | 2.24 |
| 4D | 2008 | Mixed | 539 | Atorvastatin 20 mg | 544 | Placebo | 6 | 5.80 |
| GISSI-HF | 2008 | Secondary | 336 | Rosuvastatin 10 mg | 314 | Placebo | 3 | 2.68 |
| JUPITER | 2008 | Primary | 8901 | Rosuvastatin 20 mg | 8901 | Placebo | 12 | 4.20 |
| AURORA | 2009 | Mixed | 1389 | Rosuvastatin 10 mg | 1384 | Placebo | 3 | 4.80 |
| CORONA(1) | 2009 | Secondary | 777 | Rosuvastatin 10 mg | 779 | Placebo | 3 | 1.10 |
| CORONA(2) | 2009 | Secondary | 1711 | Rosuvastatin 10 mg | 1694 | Placebo | 3 | 5.50 |
| ASTRONOMER | 2010 | Primary | 134 | Rosuvastatin 40 mg | 135 | Placebo | 3 | 1.60 |
| CARDS | 2015 | Primary | 1174 | Atorvastatin 10 mg | 1148 | Placebo | 12 | 1.30 |
| LIPID | 2015 | Secondary | 3854 | Pravastatin 40 mg | 3889 | Placebo | 12 | 2.47 |
| HOPE-3 | 2016 | Primary | 785 | Rosuvastatin 10 mg | 769 | Placebo | 36 | 3.60 |
| Bempedoic acid | ||||||||
| CLEAR harmony | 2019 | Mixed | 1421 | Bempedoic acid 180 mg | 724 | Placebo | 3 | 1.49 |
| CLEAR serenity | 2019 | Mixed | 218 | Bempedoic acid 180 mg | 103 | Placebo | 3 | 2.92 |
| CLEAR wisdom | 2019 | Mixed | 467 | Bempedoic acid 180 mg | 240 | Placebo | 3 | 1.61 |
| Ballantyne et al. (2020)—BA | 2020 | Mixed | 101 | Bempedoic acid 180 mg | 52 | Placebo | 3 | 2.95 |
| Ballantyne et al. (2020)—BA + EZE | 2020 | Mixed | 102 | Bempedoic acid + ezetimibe 10 mg | 102 | Ezetimibe 10 mg | 3 | 3.12 |
| CLEAR outcomes | 2023 | Primary | 2100 | Bempedoic acid 180 mg | 2106 | Placebo | 12 | 2.39 |
| Ezetimibe | ||||||||
| ENHANCE | 2008 | Mixed | 357 | Ezetimibe 10 mg + simvastatin 80 mg | 363 | Simvastatin 80 mg | 24 | 1.70 |
| Kouvelos et al. (2013) | 2013 | Mixed | 126 | Ezetimibe 10 mg + rosuvastatin 10 mg | 136 | Rosuvastatin 10 mg | 12 | 3.15 |
| IMPROVE-IT | 2015 | Secondary | 6954 | Ezetimibe 10 mg + simvastatin 40 mg | 7019 | Simvastatin 40 mg | 12 | 9.60 |
| PRECISE-IVUS | 2015 | Secondary | 100 | Ezetimibe 10 mg + atorvastatin | 102 | Atorvastatin | 10 | 3.00 |
| CuVIC | 2017 | Secondary | 109 | Ezetimibe 10 mg + statins | 112 | Statins | 6 | 4.46 |
| HIJ-PROPER | 2017 | Secondary | 673 | Ezetimibe 10 mg + pitavastatin 2 mg | 691 | Pitavastatin 2 mg | 12 | 9.20 |
| I-ROSETTE | 2018 | Mixed | 195 | Ezetimibe 10 mg + rosuvastatin 5/10/20 mg | 194 | Rosuvastatin 5/10/20 mg | 2 | 0.70 |
| Ballantyne et al. (2020)—EZE | 2020 | Mixed | 102 | Ezetimibe 10 mg | 52 | Placebo | 3 | 3.03 |
| Ballantyne et al. (2020)—EZE + BA | 2020 | Mixed | 102 | Ezetimibe 10 mg + bempedoic acid 180 mg | 101 | Bempedoic acid 180 mg | 3 | 3.12 |
| Omega-3 fatty acids | ||||||||
| GISSI-HF | 2008 | Secondary | 551 | EPA/DHA 1 g | 559 | Placebo | 36 | 2.39 |
| DO IT | 2009 | Mixed | 247 | EPA/DHA 2.4 g | 239 | Placebo | 36 | 3.58 |
| ANCHOR | 2012 | Mixed | 444 | E-EPA 2/4 g | 219 | Placebo | 3 | 2.05 |
| ALPHA OMEGA | 2014 | Secondary | 601 | EPA/DHA 0.4 g | 609 | Placebo | 40 | 1.46 |
| ESPRIT | 2015 | Secondary | 416 | OM3-CA 2/4 g | 211 | Placebo | 1.5 | 4.05 |
| HEARTS | 2017 | Secondary | 129 | EPA/DHA 3.36 g | 111 | Placebo | 30 | 0.90 |
| VITAL | 2019 | Primary | 1644 | EPA/DHA 1 g | 1636 | Placebo | 48 | 1.60 |
| STRENGTH | 2020 | Mixed | 1467 | OM3-CA 4 g | 1499 | Placebo | 12 | 2.10 |
| REDUCE-IT | 2022 | Mixed | 3322 | E-EPA 4 g | 3229 | Placebo | 24 | 2.18 |
| Fibrates | ||||||||
| Athyros et al. (2005) | 2005 | Primary | 100 | Fenofibrate 200 mg + atorvastatin 20 mg | 100 | Atorvastatin 20 mg | 12 | 4.50 |
| DIACOR | 2006 | Primary | 100 | Fenofibrate 160 mg + simvastatin 20 mg | 100 | Simvastatin 20 mg | 3 | 2.24 |
| Zhu et al. (2006) | 2006 | Primary | 115 | Fenofibrate 160 mg + hypotensive agents | 110 | Hypotensive agents | 24 | 6.73 |
| BIP | 2007 | Secondary | 1319 | Bezafibrate 400 mg | 1297 | Placebo | 24 | 3.40 |
| DAIS | 2016 | Mixed | 108 | Fenofibrate 200 mg | 96 | Placebo | 36 | 1.80 |
| Ihm et al. (2020) | 2020 | Mixed | 174 | Fenofibrate 160 mg + pitavastatin 2 mg | 173 | Pitavastatin 2 mg | 2 | 7.00 |
| PCSK9 inhibitors | ||||||||
| DESCARTES | 2014 | Mixed | 535 | Evolocumab 420 mg | 276 | Placebo | 13 | 1.00 |
| RUTHERFORD-2 | 2015 | Mixed | 210 | Evolocumab 140 or 420 mg | 101 | Placebo | 3 | 1.01 |
| GLAGOV | 2016 | Secondary | 484 | Evolocumab 420 mg | 484 | Placebo | 19 | 1.60 |
| FOURIER | 2018 | Secondary | 13 091 | Evolocumab 140 or 420 mg | 13 054 | Placebo | 12 | 1.70 |
| SPIRE-1 and 2 | 2018 | Mixed | 9738 | Bococizumab 150 mg | 9785 | Placebo | 3.5 | 1.88 |
| EVOPACS | 2019 | Secondary | 141 | Evolocumab 420 mg | 150 | Placebo | 2 | 6.68 |
| PACMAN-AMI | 2022 | Secondary | 126 | Alirocumab 150 mg | 132 | Placebo | 13 | 6.40 |
| CETP inhibitors | ||||||||
| ILLUMINATE | 2007 | Mixed | 7533 | Torcetrapib 60 mg | 7534 | Placebo | 3 | 1.30 |
| ILLUSTRATE | 2007 | Secondary | 464 | Torcetrapib 60 mg | 446 | Placebo | 24 | 2.10 |
| RADIANCE 1 | 2007 | Mixed | 423 | Torcetrapib 60 mg | 427 | Placebo | 24 | 0.80 |
| DEFINE | 2010 | Mixed | 779 | Anacetrapib 100 mg | 773 | Placebo | 6 | 1.40 |
| dal-VESSEL | 2012 | Mixed | 206 | Dalcetrapib 600 mg | 209 | Placebo | 9 | 2.65 |
| ACCELERATE | 2017 | Secondary | 4558 | Evacetrapib 130 mg | 4565 | Placebo | 3 | 1.52 |
DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; E-EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester; OM3-CA, omega-3 carboxylic acid.