Table 1. The association of satisfaction with the characteristics of academic advisors and their training.

*: significant at p < 0.05; $+: significantly higher frequency than expected by chance; $-: significantly lower frequency than expected by chance.

Variables		Overall satisfaction of academic advisors						Statistical tests
		Not satisfied (N = 24)		Satisfied (N = 46)		Total (N = 70)		χ2	P-value
		N	%	N	%	N	%
Academic degree	Master	1	4.2	2	4.3	3	4.3	0.000	1.000
	Doctorate	22	91.7	44	95.7	66	94.3
Academic position	Lecturer	0	0.0	3	6.5	3	4.3	1.829	0.649
	Assistant professor	10	41.7	18	39.1	28	40.0
	Associate Professor	6	25.0	8	17.4	14	20.0
	Professor	7	29.2	16	34.8	23	32.9
Experience in teaching	Less than 5 years	6	25.0	12	26.1	18	25.7	3.188	0.203
	5–10 years	6	25.0	21	45.7	27	38.6
	More than 10 years	11	45.8	13	28.3	24	34.3
Experience in academic advising	Less than 2 years	6	25.0	12	26.1	18	25.7	7.415	0.025*
	2–5 years	4	16.7 $-	21	45.7 $+	25	35.7
	More than 5 years	14	58.3 $+	13	28.3 $-	27	38.6
How did you become appointed as an academic advisor?	After an orientation meeting	5	20.8	3	6.5	8	11.4	5.964	0.100
	After discussion	3	12.5	5	10.9	8	11.4
	I received a formal letter	12	50.0	35	76.1	47	67.1
	Others	3	12.5	2	4.3	5	7.1
Have you joined a training activity to work as an academic advisor?	Yes	16	66.7	38	82.6	55	78.6	1.533	0.216
	No	7	29.2	8	17.4	14	20.0
If the answer to Q7 is yes, do you believe this training was enough?	Strongly agree	2	8.3	4	8.7	6	8.6	6.614	0.028*
	Agree	11	45.8	34	73.9	45	64.3
	Disagree	3	12.5 $+	0	0.0$-	3	4.3
Do you think that academic advising requires training?	Strongly agree	17	70.8 $+	18	39.1 $-	35	50.0	10.551	0.003*
	Agree	5	20.8 $-	28	60.9 $+	33	47.1
	Disagree	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Strongly disagree	1	4.2	0	0.0	1	1.4
How are you informed of the list of your students?	I participate in the students’ distribution	1	4.2	2	4.3	3	4.3	6.402	0.023*
	The list is sent to me formally	18	75.0 $-	42	91.3 $+	60	85.7
	From the students themselves when they came to me	5	20.8 $+	1	2.2 $-	6	8.6
Do you know the regulations and management rules that are related to students?	Yes, usually I do	10	41.7 $-	37	80.4 $+	47	67.1	11.072	0.003*
	Partially	10	41.7 $+	5	10.9 $-	15	21.4
	No	4	16.7	4	8.7	8	11.4
From your encounter with your groups, you think that the student’s contact with the academic advisor is	They do not seek	1	4.2	0	0.0	1	1.4	7.180	0.012*
	They do but reap no benefit	3	12.5 $+	0	0.0$-	3	4.3
	Yes and they need more	20	83.3 $-	46	100.0 $+	66	94.3
From your viewpoint, do you believe that academic advisors can improve their performance?	Yes	16	66.7 $-	42	91.3 $+	58	82.9	5.747	0.038*
	Some of them	6	25.0	4	8.7	10	14.3
	No	1	4.2	0	0.0	1	1.4