Table 2.
Univariable Cox regression analyses of all patients for cancer-specific survival and distant metastasis-free survival
| Feature | CSS | DMFS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable | Univariable | |||
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age (per 10 year increase) | 1.63 (0.95–2.79) | 0.08 | 1.69 (1.03–2.77) | 0.04 |
| Gender (male vs. female) | 1.59 (0.46–5.50) | 0.5 | 1.28 (0.39–4.21) | 0.7 |
| Symptom (yes vs. no) | 1.34 (0.35–5.20) | 0.7 | 1.10 (0.30–4.05) | 0.9 |
| Hypertension (yes vs. no) | 1.35 (0.35–5.24) | 0.7 | 1.15 (0.31–4.36) | 0.8 |
| DM (yes vs. no) | 2.02 (0.43–9.54) | 0.4 | 1.87 (0.40–8.69) | 0.4 |
| Charlson score (per score increase) | 2.06 (0.99–4.30) | 0.05 | 1.79 (0.87–3.70) | 0.1 |
| Smoking (yes vs. no) | 1.60 (0.41–6.20) | 0.5 | 1.44 (0.38–5.42) | 0.6 |
| Alcohol (yes vs. no) | 1.37 (0.29–6.48) | 0.7 | 1.23 (0.27–5.71) | 0.8 |
| BMI (per 5 kg/m2 increase) | 0.90 (0.34–2.39) | 0.8 | 1.00 (0.42–2.41) | 1.0 |
| Surgery (RN vs. PN) | 3.42 (0.43–27.1) | 0.2 | 4.12 (0.53–32.3) | 0.18 |
| Tumor size (> 7 vs. ≤ 7 cm) | 4.04 (1.1–14.3) | 0.03 | 5.54 (1.67–18.4) | 0.005 |
| pT stage (≥ T3 vs. ≤ T2) | 5.95 (1.52–23.3) | 0.01 | 6.24 (1.86–20.9) | 0.003 |
| pN stage (N1 vs. N0) | 117.3 (16.0–857.6) | < 0.001 | 67.4 (11.2–406.7) | < 0.001 |
| LVI (yes vs. no) | 14.0 (1.76–110.8) | 0.01 | 27.7 (5.97–128.2) | < 0.001 |
| Necrosis (yes vs. no) | 7.08 (1.99–25.2) | 0.003 | 9.28 (2.78–31.0) | < 0.001 |
| Sarcomatoid differentiation (yes vs. no) | 61.8 (15.8–242.1) | < 0.001 | 57.1 (14.5–225.4) | < 0.001 |
| Four-tiered ChRCC grade by Avulova et al. | ||||
| 1 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| 2 | 11.6 (1.20–111.3) | 0.03 | 11.8 (1.23–113.9) | 0.03 |
| 3 | 24.9 (2.59–239.8) | 0.005 | 35.0 (3.91–312.8) | 0.001 |
| 4 | 302.9 (34.6–3250.8) | < 0.001 | 379.8 (41.2–3501.9) | < 0.001 |
| Three-tiered ChRCC grade by Paner et al. | ||||
| 1 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| 2 | 15.7 (1.90–130.9) | 0.011 | 19.0 (2.34–154.9) | 0.006 |
| 3 | 303.1 (31.2–2949.0) | < 0.001 | 377.2 (40.9–3476.3) | < 0.001 |
| Exploratory four-tiered ChRCC grade | ||||
| 1 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| 2 | 10.2 (1.06–97.9) | 0.045 | 10.5 (1.09–100.5) | 0.04 |
| 3 | 11.4 (1.18–109.6) | 0.04 | 15.5 (1.73–138.8) | 0.01 |
| 4 | 267.9 (27.6–2603.3) | < 0.001 | 340.8 (36.8–3156.5) | < 0.001 |
CSS cancer-specific survival, DMFS distant metastasis-free survival, DM diabetes mellitus, BMI body mass index, RN radical nephrectomy, PN partial nephrectomy, LVI lymphovascular invasion HR hazard ratio, ChRCC chromophobe renal cell carcinoma