Table 3.

PrEP linkage derived from treatment by U.S. emergency medicine providers (July 2012- October 2022)

Author(s)	Study Population	Sample Size	Process for establishing linkage to PrEP care (if described)	% of patients linked to PrEP care (if described)	% of patients continuing PrEP (if prescribed)
Hazra et al. (2022)	University of Chicago ED patients redirected from the ED for evaluation in a sexual wellness clinic (SWC) 2/2019-9/2019	N = 560	● Patients identified in the ED or after being notified of a positive STI result from ED provider ● Patients given prescription for PrEP by SWC provider ● Arranged for future primary care follow-up after SWC visit	● Same-day PrEP initiated in 16.1% (n = 90) patients	● 20% (n = 18) continued to take PrEP at 3 months; 11.1% (n = 10) continued to take PrEP at 6 months
Mahal et al. (2022)	Jacobi Medical Center (Bronx, NY) ED patients who were HIV-negative and presented with STI complaints 1/2019-11/2019	N = 1174; Linkage to PrEP measured for sub-sample (n = 22)	● Patient scheduled for follow-up with PrEP provider during ED visit ● PrEP provider visit scheduled (same-day if evaluated in ED during business hours)	● 100% of (n = 22) patients had follow-up appointment scheduled during ED visit ● 59% (n = 13) of patients referred attended PrEP provider visit and 11 of these patients were subsequently prescribed PrEP.
McLaughlin et al. (2022)	Bellevue Hospital ED (New York, NY) patients who are HIV-negative and diagnosed with bacterial STI 1/2014 through 7/2017	N = 383	● None (observational study)	● 1.6% of patients (n = 6) prescribed PrEP during follow-up visit within 90 days of STI diagnosis ● Among patients not prescribed PrEP (n = 377), 79% did not have follow-up within 90 days of ED visit
Musoke et al. (2021)	Northeast Ohio VA Healthcare System patients diagnosed with a bacterial STI 3/ 2021 through 5/ 2021.	N = 42	● Patients’ medical record flagged with STI testing/PrEP recommendation to trigger referral by VA health system providers	● 14% (6/42) received a PrEP referral; No patients started PrEP by the end of the study period.
Zhao et al. (2021)	Johns Hopkins ED (Baltimore, MD) patients who were HIV-negative with recent STI 12/2018 through 3/2019	n = 162	● Patient referred to PrEP provider if amenable to referral and subsequent patient contact was made for scheduling	● Of the (n = 15) patients successfully scheduled for a PrEP follow-up visit; 3% (n = 2) patients completed an appointment
Ketels et al. (2020)	University of Colorado ED (Denver, CO) patients who were HIV-negative with bacterial STI diagnosis 3/2019-12/2019	n = 157	● Patient referred to PrEP provider if amenable to referral ● Patient contacted after ED visit for scheduling and subsequent evaluation by PrEP provider	● 10.8% (n = 17) of patients referred were scheduled for PrEP provider visit ● Of the 17 patients scheduled, 7 patients attended the visit and 3.1% of the patients referred (n = 5) started PrEP	● No patients remained on PrEP at six months
Ridgway et al. (2018)	University of Chicago ED patients who were HIV-negative and completed an HIV-risk assessment with results indicating HIV risk	n = 51	● Patients who completed screening were referred for appointment with PrEP provider and, if indicated, prescribed PrEP.	● Of the 68.6% of patients (n = 35) interested in PrEP, 17.6% (n = 9) scheduled an appointment with a PrEP provider ● 7.8% of patients (n = 4) from the original sample initiated PrEP after an appointment with a PrEP provider
Powell et al. (2019)	George Washington University Hospital ED (Washington D.C.) and affiliated urgent care (UC) patients who were HIV-negative and presented with genitourinary complaints	N = 151 (PrEP eligible n = 53)	● PrEP eligibility screening and subsequent referral by ED/UC provider.	● 46% of patients were amenable to referral for consideration of PrEP by PrEP provider