Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of study patients
| Overall | High inactive SDF-1α | Low inactive SDF-1α | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 849 | n = 425 | n = 424 | ||
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 67.8 ± 10.1 | 67.9 ± 10.7 | 67.7 ± 9.4 | 0.86 |
| Male, n (%) | 701 (82.6) | 349 (82.1) | 352 (83.0) | 0.73 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.8 ± 3.8 | 24.4 ± 3.8 | 25.1 ± 3.7 | 0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 665 (78.3) | 342 (80.5) | 323 (76.2) | 0.13 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 665 (78.3) | 316 (74.4) | 349 (82.3) | 0.005 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 206 (24.3) | 97 (22.8) | 109 (25.7) | 0.33 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 254 (29.9) | 151 (35.5) | 103 (24.3) | 0.0003 |
| Hemodialysis, n (%) | 70 (8.2) | 54 (12.7) | 16 (3.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Acute coronary syndrome, n (%) | 193 (22.7) | 92 (21.7) | 101 (23.8) | 0.45 |
| LVEF, % | 60.6 ± 12.7 | 59.6 ± 13.7 | 61.7 ± 11.5 | 0.06 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 14 (6, 21) | 15 (7, 24) | 13 (5, 20) | 0.04 |
| Number of diseased vessels | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 0.46 |
| Vessel location | ||||
| RCA, n (%) | 253 (29.8) | 126 (29.7) | 127 (30.0) | 0.92 |
| LAD, n (%) | 433 (51.0) | 215 (50.6) | 218 (51.4) | 0.81 |
| LCX, n (%) | 165 (19.4) | 86 (20.2) | 79 (18.6) | 0.56 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| TC, mg/dL | 166.4 ± 38.7 | 163.3 ± 40.7 | 169.6 ± 36.3 | 0.02 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL (Friedewald) | 95.8 ± 30.2 | 94.6 ± 31.7 | 97.0 ± 28.5 | 0.25 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 43.2 ± 13.2 | 42.1 ± 11.9 | 44.2 ± 14.3 | 0.02 |
| TG, mg/dL | 120 (88, 163) | 113 (85, 158) | 123 (91, 169) | 0.02 |
| FBG, mg/dL | 133.4 ± 53.1 | 132.4 ± 55.3 | 134.5 ± 50.7 | 0.56 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.2 ± 1.1 | 7.2 ± 1.1 | 7.2 ± 1.0 | 0.57 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 0.09 (0.03, 0.28) | 0.09 (0.03, 0.33) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.22) | 0.49 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.3 ± 1.9 | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 13.5 ± 1.8 | 0.009 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.80 (0.67, 0.98) | 0.81 (0.68, 1.06) | 0.79 (0.67, 0.93) | 0.01 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 69.4 ± 28.2 | 66.4 ± 32.1 | 72.4 ± 23.4 | 0.002 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 48.7 (21.3, 126.5) | 63.3 (25.2, 173.3) | 40.3 (18.7, 90.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Medication | ||||
| Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 228 (26.9) | 123 (28.9) | 105 (24.8) | 0.18 |
| Metformin, n (%) | 161 (19.0) | 79 (18.6) | 82 (19.4) | 0.77 |
| Thiazolidinedione, n (%) | 94 (11.1) | 40 (9.4) | 54 (12.8) | 0.12 |
| SGLT-2 inhibitor, n (%) | 17 (2.0) | 9 (2.1) | 8 (1.9) | 0.81 |
| DPP4 inhibitor, n (%) | 310 (36.6) | 137 (32.2) | 173 (40.9) | 0.009 |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist, n (%) | 6 (0.7) | 2 (0.5) | 4 (1.0) | 0.41 |
| α-Glucosidase inhibitor, n (%) | 182 (21.5) | 92 (21.7) | 90 (21.3) | 0.90 |
| Glinide, n (%) | 71 (8.4) | 31 (7.3) | 40 (9.5) | 0.26 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 213 (25.1) | 117 (27.5) | 96 (22.7) | 0.10 |
| ACE-I/ ARB, n (%) | 468 (55.1) | 232 (54.6) | 236 (55.7) | 0.75 |
| β-Blocker, n (%) | 391 (46.1) | 191 (44.9) | 200 (47.2) | 0.51 |
| Statin, n (%) | 581 (68.6) | 272 (64.0) | 309 (73.2) | 0.004 |
| Ezetimibe, n (%) | 50 (5.9) | 22 (5.2) | 28 (6.6) | 0.37 |
| Fibrate, n (%) | 34 (4.0) | 17 (4.0) | 17 (4.0) | 0.99 |
LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, RCA right coronary artery, LAD left anterior descending artery, LCX left circumflex artery, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein, TG triglycerides, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, SGLT-2 sodium-glucose co-transporter-2, DPP4 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, ACE-I angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers