Table II.
Newborn and delivery characteristics.
| Altitude | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| Variable | Ancestry | Low 400 m | High 3600 m–4100 m | p-alt |
|
| ||||
| C-section, % | European | 75.0 [57.9, 86.8] (18) | 71.4 [50.0, 86.2] (24) | NS |
| Andean | 85.7 [65.4, 95.0] (11) | 29.8 [19.5, 42.7] (82) | <0.05 | |
| p-ancestry | NS | <0.05 | ||
| Hospital delivery, % | European | 100 [89.3, 100] (18) | 96.0 [80.5, 99.3] (22) | NS |
| Andean | 100 [85.1, 100] (11) | 94.0 [85.6, 97.7] (66) | NS | |
| p-ancestry | NS | NS | ||
| Birth weight, gm | European | 3337 ± 88 (18) | 2928 ± 87 (23) | <0.01 |
| Andean | 3396 ± 112 (10) | 3135 ± 65 (59) | <0.05 | |
| p-ancestry | NS | NSt | ||
| Birth weight, gm adjusted* | European | 3396 ± 84 (18) | 2949 ± 84 (18) | <0.05 |
| Andean | 3325 ± 53 (10) | 3157 ± 53 (10) | NS | |
| p-ancestry | NS | <0.05 | ||
| PI, kg/m3 | European | 27.1 ± 0.5 (18) | 26.3 ± 0.7 (22) | NS |
| Andean | 27.4 ± 0.7 (10) | 26.3 ± 0.1 (54) | NS | |
| p-ancestry | NS | NS | ||
| PI, kg/m3 adjusted* | European | 27.9 ± 0.7 | 26.0 ± 0.3 | NS |
| Andean | 27.6 ± 1.0 | 26.3 ± 0.1 | NS | |
| p-ancestry | NS | NS | ||
| Head circ, cm | European | 35.0 ± 0.2 (17) | 33.8 ± 0.4 (18) | <0.01 |
| Andean | 35.3 ± 0.2 (10) | 34.3 ± 0.6 (53) | NS | |
| p-ancestry | NS | NS | ||
| Gest age, wks | European | 38.1 ± 0.5 (18) | 38.9 ± 0.3 (23) | NS |
| Andean | 38.8 ± 0.2 (10) | 38.4 ± 0.4 (59) | NS | |
| p-ancestry | NS | NS | ||
| Preterm, % | European | 32.2 [28.6, 49.9] (18) | 26.9 [13.7, 46.1] (24) | NS |
| Andean | 27.2 [13.2, 48.2] (11) | 13.6 [7.0, 24.5] (82) | NS† | |
| p-ancestry | NS | NSt | ||
| Male, % | European | 41.9 [26.4, 59.2] (18) | 46.2 [28.8, 64.5] (24) | NS |
| Andean | 57.1 [36.6, 75.5] (11) | 47.5 [35.5, 59.8] (82) | NS | |
| p-ancestry | NS | NS | ||
| SGA, % | European | 9.7 [3.4, 24.9] (18) | 25.9 [13.2.2, 44.7] (23) | NS† |
| Andean | 14.3 [5.0, 34.6] (10) | 13.3 [6.9, 24.2] (59) | NS | |
| p-ancestry | NS | NS† | ||
Values for continuous variables are reported as means ± SEM and as percentages with the 95% CI in brackets []. One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons across altitude or ancestry groups for continuous variables. Chi-squared tests were used for comparisons across altitude or ancestry groups for categorical variables.
PI, ponderal index; SGA, small-for-gestational age
*
birth weight adjusted for gestational age
p-alt = significance values between altitude groups, within ancestry groups; p-ancestry = significance values between ancestry groups, within altitude groups
†
= 0.05 < p < 0.10. Sample sizes are in parentheses ().