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. 2024 Mar 18;15:1364030. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364030

TABLE 1.

Main characteristics of the included studies.

Study Study Year Language Country Group Intervention details No. of patients (male/female) Age range (mean) n Study design Study date range
Binhua Chen Chen 2011 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba extract (40 mg/capsule)+Citalopram (20 mg/capsule) (1.36 ± 0.45 g/day) 18/14 65.36 ± 5.27 32 RCT January 2008 through June 2010
Control Citalopram (20 mg/capsule) 16/14 63.53 ± 6.17 30
Wei Chen Chen 2006 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo leaf extract + Prozac - - 46 RCT March 2002 through November 2004
Control Prozac - - 32
Chunxiao Dai Dai 2018 English China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba tablets + citalopram 33/35 66.48 ± 4.12 68 RCT March 2015 through March 2017
Control Citalopram 31/37 66.82 ± 3.35 68
Gavrilova Gavrilova 2014 English Russia Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba extract 22/58 65 ± 7 80 RCT -
Control Placebo 13/66 63 ± 7 79
Kefeng Guo Guo 2006 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba extract (19.2 mg/capsule) + paroxetine (20 mg/capsule) (1.36 ± 0.45 g/day) 17/23 - 40 RCT January 2003 through April 2004
Control Paroxetine (20 mg/capsule) 16/22 - 38
Hartley Hartley 2004 English United Kingdom Intervention with GKB Gincosan (120 mg Ginkgo biloba) - 58.4 ± 1.0 30 RCT -
Control Placebo - 57.4 ± 0.7 27
Jianzhong He He 2007 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo leaf extract 22/23 67.1 ± 2.5 45 RCT -
Control Placebo 24/21 68.1 ± 23 45
Shichao Li Li 2017 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo leaf extract 30/20 53.3 ± 1.8 50 RCT January 2015 through January 2016
Control Placebo 29/21 52.1 ± 1.6 50
Zihong Liang Liang 2019 English China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba extract + venlafaxine 22/18 60.86 ± 8.63 40 RCT -
Control Venlafaxine 19/54 60.52 ± 8.68 40
Chuan Lin Lin 2022 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba tablets + nimodipine 26/16 57.2 ± 2.2 42 RCT November 19 through April 2001
Controls Nimodipine 19/17 58.1 ± 3.2 36
Ru Liu Liu 2018 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba tablets + butylphthalide 27/32 68.2 ± 5.6 59 RCT March 2016 through August 2017
Control Butylphthalide 28/31 68 ± 5.5 59
Yajuan Liu Liu 2020 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba tablets + metformin 27/24 63.4 ± 13.72 51 RCT January 2018 and through January 2019
Control Metformin 28/23 64.11 ± 1.38 51
Xiangdong Luo Luo 2011 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba extract (80 mg/capsule) + paroxetine (20 mg/capsule) (1.36 ± 0.45 g/day) 22/25 69.37 ± 2.24 47 RCT February 2008 through February 2011
Control Paroxetine (20 mg/capsule) 19/24 67.45 ± 4.19 43
Xiangdong Luo Luo 2012 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba extract (80 mg/capsule) + paroxetine (20 mg/capsule) (1.36 ± 0.45 g/day) 22/25 69.37 ± 2.24 47 RCT February 2008 through February 2011
Control Paroxetine (20 mg/capsule) 19/24 67.45 ± 4.19 43
Hao Song Song 2014 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo leaf extract 29/28 51.95 ± 9.04 57 RCT November 2010 through November 2013
Control Placebo 26/22 52.08 ± 8.18 48
Haixia Wu Wu 2016 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo leaf extract (20 mg/capsule) + fluoxetine (20 mg/capsule) 34/31 64.3 ± 3.4 65 RCT May 2014 through March 2015
Control Fluoxetine (20 mg/capsule) 37/28 64.1 ± 3 65
Junfeng Yin Yin 2019 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba tablets + sertraline 27/23 68.93 ± 9.24 50 RCT February 2016 through February 2018
Control Sertraline 26/24 67.29 ± 8.42 50
Fengqing Yu Yu 2004 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo leaf extract 14/12 62 ± 5 26 RCT May 2001 through May 2003
Control Placebo 10/11 60 ± 7 21
Jia Yuan Yuan 2011 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo leaf extract 56/40 - 96 RCT February 2007 and May 2010
Control Placebo 50/44 - 94
Yujun Zhang Zhang 2012 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo leaf extract 23/29 67 ± 4 52 RCT January 2007 through June 2011
Control Placebo 25/27 68 ± 5 52
Aijun Zhang Zhang 2021 Chinese China Intervention with GKB Ginkgo biloba extract (80 mg/capsule) + paroxetine (20 mg/capsule) (1.36 ± 0.45 g/day) 22/18 67.54 ± 7.85 40 RCT March 2018 through January 2019
Control Paroxetine (20 mg/capsule) 24/16 65.26 ± 6.34 40