TABLE 2.

Presumed functions, N-terminal splicing variants and major phenotypes in mouse models.

Myosin	Presumed functions in the inner ear	N-terminal splicing variants	Major phenotypes in knockout mice	References
MYO1A	Unclear	Not found yet	Knockout mice show no overt phenotypes	Stauffer et al. (2005), Tyska et al. (2005), Solanki et al. (2021)
MYO1C	Adaptation of MET channels	Not found yet	Homozygous knockout is associated with visual impairment. Hearing loss has not been reported in peer-reviewed journals	Stauffer et al. (2005), Solanki et al. (2021)
MYO1F	Unclear	Not found yet	Knockout mice show impaired immune responses, but hearing loss is not reported	Kim et al. (2006)
MYO3A	Transports factors to elongate the F-actin core	Not found yet	Double knockout of Myo3a and Myo3b results in profound deafness and a dysmorphic staircase architecture of stereocilia	Salles et al. (2009), Lelli et al. (2016)
MYO6	Tethers plasma membrane to the F-actin core, keeps stereocilia in place and mediates vesicle transport including endocytosis	Not found yet	Loss of MYO6 function results in profound hearing loss and stereocilia bifurcated or fused with each other	Avraham et al. (1995), Avraham et al. (1997), Self et al. (1999), De La Cruz et al. (2001), Melchionda et al. (2001), Ahmed et al. (2003a), Goodyear et al. (2003), Morris et al. (2003), Sakaguchi et al. (2008)
MYO7A	Helps to form tip-link and MET channel complexes and to tether ankle links during development	MYO7A-C, MYO7A-S	Mice lacking the MYO7A function (e.g., Shaker-1 mice) develop severely deformed stereocilia and show profound hearing loss	Weil et al. (1995), Liu et al. (1997), Weil et al. (1997), Self et al. (1998), Udovichenko et al. (2002), Watanabe et al. (2006), Lefevre et al. (2008), Grillet et al. (2009), Dionne et al. (2018), Jaiganesh et al. (2018)
MYO15A	Transport factors to elongate the F-actin core, nucleates actin monomers and maintains the length of mechanotransducing stereocilia	MYO15A-1, MYO15A-2, MYO15A-3	Mice lacking the MYO15A function (e.g., Shaker-2 mice) show short stereocilia and profound hearing loss	Wang et al. (1998), Beyer et al. (2000), Belyantseva et al. (2003), Belyantseva et al. (2005), Mogensen et al. (2007), Zampini et al. (2011), Bird et al. (2014), Fang et al. (2015), Jiang et al. (2020), Moreland et al. (2021)
MYH9	Unclear	Not found yet	Myh9-null mice are embryonic lethal. Mice with mutant Myh9 show a phenotype resembling human MYH9-related disease including platelet dysfunction and mild hearing loss	Lalwani et al. (2000), Wang et al. (2000), Mhatre et al. (2007), Yengo et al. (2012), Zhang et al. (2012)
MYH14	Unclear	Not found yet	Myh14-null mice are susceptible to noise-induced hearing loss	Donaudy et al. (2004), Heissler and Manstein (2011), Yengo et al. (2012), Fu et al. (2016)