Table 5.
Antibiogram signature of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales isolates recovered from dogs and cats.
Patterns | No. of isolates | Bacterial spp. | Source | Resistance pattern1 | MAR Index2 | Resistance phenotype | MIC (µg/mL) | Carbapenemase genes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IPM | MEM | CT | TIG | ||||||||
1 | 20 | K. pneumoniae | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, CT, TOB, CN, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 1 | PDR | 8 | 128 | 16 | 8 | bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla IMP |
Dog | 8 | 128 | 32 | 64 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP | ||||||
Dog | 4 | 128 | 32 | 16 | bla OXA-181, bla NDM | ||||||
Dog | 16 | 2 | 32 | 16 | bla OXA-48, blaO XA-181, bla NDM | ||||||
Dog | 16 | 2 | 16 | 32 | bla NDM, bla VIM | ||||||
Dog | 16 | 2 | 16 | 8 | bla KPC | ||||||
Dog | 4 | 128 | 16 | 32 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP, bla VIM | ||||||
Dog | 8 | 128 | 32 | 4 | bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla VIM | ||||||
Dog | 4 | 1 | 32 | 4 | bla KPC, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-81, bla IMP | ||||||
Cat | 4 | 1 | 32 | 4 | bla KPC, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-81, bla VIM, bla IMP | ||||||
Dog | 4 | 2 | 16 | 4 | bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181 | ||||||
Dog | 4 | 1 | 16 | 32 | Negative | ||||||
Dog | 4 | 1 | 32 | 4 | bla OXA-181, bla VIM | ||||||
Dog | 8 | 1 | 16 | 32 | bla KPC, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla VIM, bla IMP | ||||||
Dog | 8 | 4 | 32 | 16 | bla KPC, bla OXA-48, bla IMP | ||||||
Dog | 8 | 4 | 16 | 64 | bla IMP | ||||||
Dog | 8 | 4 | 32 | 4 | bla IMP | ||||||
Cat | 8 | 2 | 32 | 32 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP | ||||||
Cat | 8 | 2 | 32 | 64 | Negative | ||||||
Cat | 8 | 2 | 16 | 32 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP | ||||||
2 | 7 | K. pneumoniae | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, CT, TOB, CN, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, CPT | 0.96 | XDR | 4 | 2 | 8 | 16 | bla KPC, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla IMP, bla VIM |
Dog | 8 | 2 | 16 | 16 | bla KPC, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla VIM, bla IMP, bla NDM | ||||||
Dog | 8 | 2 | 8 | 8 | bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla IMP | ||||||
Dog | 16 | 4 | 16 | 8 | bla KPC, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181 | ||||||
Cat | 16 | 4 | 16 | 16 | bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla IMP, bla NDM | ||||||
E. coli | Dog | 16 | 4 | 32 | 64 | bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla VIM, bla IMP | |||||
K. pneumoniae | Dog | 8 | 2 | 32 | 4 | bla KPC, bla OXA-181, bla IMP | |||||
3 | 3 | K. pneumoniae | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, TOB, CN, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, CPT | 0.88 | MDR | 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 | bla KPC, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla IMP |
E. coli | Cat | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla VIM, bla IMP, bla NDM | |||||
K. pneumoniae | Dog | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | bla KPC, bla OXA-181 | |||||
4 | 2 | E. coli | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, CT, TOB, CN, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, TPZ, ATM, CPT | 0.92 | XDR | 8 | 2 | 16 | 4 | bla KPC, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla VIM, bla IMP, bla NDM |
Cat | 2 | 1 | 8 | 4 | Negative | ||||||
5 | 1 | K. pneumoniae | Cat | CIP, AMC, TE, CT, CN, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, CPT | 0.88 | MDR | 8 | 2 | 16 | 2 | bla KPC, bla OXA-181, bla IMP, bla NDM |
6 | 1 | E. coli | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, TOB, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, TPZ, ATM, CPT | 0.84 | MDR | 4 | 2 | 2 | 16 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP |
7 | 1 | K. pneumoniae | Cat | CIP, AMC, TE, TOB, CN, TIG, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, CPT | 0.84 | MDR | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP |
8 | 1 | K. pneumoniae | Cat | CIP, AMC, TE, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, CPT | 0.87 | MDR | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP |
9 | 8 | K. pneumoniae | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, TOB, CN, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 0.96 | XDR | 16 | 2 | 1 | 32 | bla IMP |
16 | 4 | 1 | 32 | bla OXA-48, bla IMP, bla VIM | |||||||
8 | 128 | 2 | 64 | bla OXA-48 | |||||||
8 | 128 | 1 | 16 | bla OXA-48 bla IMP, bla VIM | |||||||
4 | 128 | 2 | 32 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP | |||||||
4 | 128 | 2 | 16 | bla VIM, bla NDM | |||||||
8 | 4 | 1 | 8 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP | |||||||
8 | 4 | 2 | 16 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP | |||||||
10 | 2 | K. pneumoniae | Cat | CIP, AMC, TE, TOB, CN, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 0.92 | XDR | 8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP |
4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP | |||||||
11 | 1 | K. pneumoniae | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, CT, CN, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 0.96 | XDR | 4 | 128 | 32 | 16 | bla OXA-181, bla NDM |
12 | 1 | K. oxytoca | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, CT, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 0.92 | XDR | 4 | 2 | 16 | 4 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP, bla NDM |
13 | 1 | K. pneumoniae | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, CT, TOB, CN, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, CRO, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 0.92 | XDR | 4 | 128 | 32 | 4 | bla OXA-181, bla NDM, bla VIM |
14 | 1 | K. pneumoniae | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, TOB, CN, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, CPT | 0.92 | XDR | 16 | 4 | 1 | 16 | bla KPC, bla OXA-48, bla IMP, bla VIM |
15 | 3 | K. pneumoniae | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, CT, TOB, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 0.96 | XDR | 4 | 128 | 32 | 4 | bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181 |
Cat | 8 | 128 | 32 | 4 | bla OXA-181, bla IMP, bla VIM | ||||||
Cat | 8 | 2 | 16 | 32 | Negative | ||||||
16 | 1 | E. coli | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, CT, TOB, CN, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 0.92 | XDR | 4 | 1 | 32 | 2 | bla VIM, bla NDM |
17 | 1 | K. pneumoniae | Dog | CIP, AMC, TE, CT, TOB, CN, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 0.96 | XDR | 8 | 2 | 16 | 4 | bla KPC, bla OXA-181 |
18 | 1 | K. pneumoniae | Cat | CIP, AMC, TE, TOB, CN, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 0.92 | XDR | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | bla KPC, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181 |
19 | 1 | K. pneumoniae | Cat | CIP, AMC, TE, TIG, LEV, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, AK, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 0.88 | MDR | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | bla OXA-48, bla VIM |
20 | 1 | E. coli | Cat | CIP, AMC, TE, CT, TOB, TIG, CAZ, CTX, FOX, FEB, NA, FF, CZ, SXT, AM, C, IPM, CRO, TPZ, ATM, MEM, CPT | 0.85 | XDR | 8 | 2 | 32 | 4 | bla OXA-181, bla VIM |
1AMC, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; AM, ampicillin; TPZ, piperacillin-tazobactam; CZ, cefazolin; FOX, cefoxitin; CRO, ceftriaxone; CTX, cefotaxime; CAZ, ceftazidime; FEB, cefepime; CPT, ceftaroline; IPM, imipenem; MEM, meropenem; NA, nalidixic acid; TOB, tobramycin; AK, amikacin; SXT, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole; C, chloramphenicol; TE, tetracycline; ATM, aztronam; TIG, tigecycline; FF, fosfomycin; CT, colistin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; LEV, levofloxacin; and CN, gentamicin.
2MAR index, multiple-antibiotic resistance index.
3MDR, multidrug-resistant; XDR, extensively drug-resistant; PDR, pandrug-resistant.