Table 2.
Pooled and subgroup results for sexual dysfunction in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.
| Heterogeneity | Meta-analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item (No. of studies) | I 2 , % | P value | Effect model | Prevalence, % | 95% CI |
| Total prevalence (n = 16)16,17,24–37 | 98.8 | <.01 | Random | 50.43 | 37.86-62.95 |
| Specific type | |||||
| Orgasmic dysfunction | |||||
| Overall (n = 7)17,24,25,30,31,35,37 | 96.5 | <.01 | Random | 26.83 | 14.15-44.92 |
| Male (n = 6)17,24,25,30,31,35 | 94.3 | <.01 | Random | 23.03 | 10.79-42.55 |
| Female (n = 4)17,24,30,35 | 96.0 | <.01 | Random | 47.31 | 20.85-75.37 |
| Sexual desire disorders | |||||
| Overall (n = 4)30,31,35,37 | 81.5 | <.01 | Random | 57.15 | 47.13-66.62 |
| Male (n = 3)30,31,35 | 87.3 | <.01 | Random | 47.33 | 31.03-64.21 |
| Female (n = 2)30,35 | 0.0 | .67 | Fixed | 73.88 | 65.92-80.53 |
| Erectile dysfunction: male (n = 6)17,24,25,27,30,32 | 70.0 | <.01 | Random | 43.32 | 36.22-50.71 |
| Sexual pain: female (n = 3)30,35,37 | 0.0 | .85 | Fixed | 18.86 | 14.19-24.61 |
| Sexual dissatisfaction | |||||
| Overall (n = 6)17,24–26,30,37 | 96.5 | <.01 | Random | 50.89 | 36.89-64.75 |
| Male (n = 5)17,24–26,30 | 95.3 | <.01 | Random | 42.14 | 26.60-59.41 |
| Female (n = 4)17,24,26,30 | 94.3 | <.01 | Random | 43.32 | 26.19-62.20 |
| Duration of illness, y | |||||
| <10 (n = 3)25,31,34 | 88.8 | <.01 | Random | 42.70 | 24.91-69.60 |
| 10-20 (n = 3)24,32,35 | 85.7 | <.01 | Random | 65.64 | 54.43-75.18 |
| >20 (n = 1)17 | — | — | — | 78.54 | 72.98-83.22 |
| Assessment tools | |||||
| Self-designed (n = 4)16,31,35,37 | 99.5 | <.01 | Random | 40.73 | 9.91-81.11 |
| Validated tools (n = 12)17,24–30,32–34,36 | 95.6 | <.01 | Random | 53.89 | 44.41-63.09 |
| ASEX-CV (n = 6)17,24–26,29,30 | 89.9 | <.01 | Random | 61.6 | 57.94-75.15 |
| IIEF-5 (n = 3)27,32,34 | 72.6 | .03 | Random | 44.36 | 33.42-55.88 |
| PRSexDQ (n = 1)28 | — | — | — | 53.17 | 44.45-61.71 |
| BSDSRS (n = 2)33,36 | 0.0 | .42 | Fixed | 42.81 | 38.68-47.05 |
| Mean age, y | |||||
| ≤35 (n = 3)25,28,34 | 87.9 | <.01 | Random | 39.77 | 27.56-53.40 |
| >35, ≤40 (n = 7)27,29–31,33,35,36 | 88.9 | <.01 | Random | 52.86 | 43.39-62.13 |
| >40, ≤45(n = 3)24,33,36 | 99.6 | <.01 | Random | 37.03 | 8.88-78.01 |
| >45 (n = 2)17,26 | 95.6 | <.01 | Random | 69.66 | 48.22-84.99 |
| Study region | |||||
| Mainland (n = 12)17,24,25,28,29,31–37 | 95.3 | <.01 | Random | 55.31 | 46.05-64.22 |
| Taiwan (n = 3)16,26,30 | 99.5 | <.01 | Random | 37.84 | 6.35-84.54 |
| Hong Kong (n = 2)16,27 | 92.4 | <.01 | Random | 28.49 | 11.64-54.65 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male (n = 11)17,24,25,27,29–33,35,36 | 88.9 | <.01 | Random | 54.84 | 46.43-62.99 |
| Female (n = 7)17,24,29,30,35,36 | 96.2 | <.01 | Random | 65.22 | 45.28-80.96 |
| Research setting | |||||
| Outpatient (n = 3)27,30,31 | 87.9 | <.01 | Random | 59.14 | 41.24-74.91 |
| Community (n = 3)17,24,32 | 77.7 | .01 | Random | 71.93 | 60.43-81.12 |
| Inpatient (n = 7)25,26,28,29,34,35,37 | 50.4 | <.01 | Random | 50.94 | 41.00-60.80 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married/sexual partner <50% (n = 7)25–27,29,30,35,37 | 91.1 | <.01 | Random | 54.35 | 43.25-65.03 |
| Married/sexual partner ≥50% (n = 8)17,24,28,31–34,36 | 96.3 | <.01 | Random | 56.99 | 45.35-67.91 |
| Publication years | |||||
| ≤2010 (n = 7)27,31–33,35–37 | 83.1 | <.01 | Random | 53.19 | 44.85-61.35 |
| >2010 (n = 9)16,17,24–26,28–30,34 | 99.3 | <.01 | Random | 47.99 | 27.55-69.72 |
| Taking antipsychotics | |||||
| FGAs (n = 4)17,24,31,34 | 95.8 | <.01 | Random | 66.96 | 41.43-85.31 |
| SGAs (n = 6)17,24,25,29,31,34 | 95.4 | <.01 | Random | 55.21 | 38.03-71.23 |
Abbreviations: ASEX-CV, Arizona Sexual Experience Scale–Chinese Version; BSDSRS, Brief Sexual Dysfunction Self-rating Scale; FGA, first-generation antipsychotic; IIEF-5, 5-item International Index of Erectile Function; PRSexDQ, Psychotropic-Related Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire; SGA, second-generation antipsychotic.