Table 1.
Participant descriptive characteristics, all, and grouped by changes in and baseline cardiorespiratory fitness
| All | Decrease −3% (L/min) |
Stable ±3% (L/min) |
Increase +3% (L/min) |
Low <32.4 (mL/kg/min) |
Moderate 32.4–40.7 (mL/kg/min) |
High >40.7 (mL/kg/min) |
|
| n | 57 652 | 13 695 | 31 581 | 12 376 | 19 218 | 19 219 | 19 215 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 41.36 (10.55) | 42.57 (11.10) | 41.25 (10.27) | 40.83 (11.36) | 46.05 (9.74) | 41.57 (10.11) | 36.47 (9.54) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 26.03 (3.58) | 26.12 (3.57) | 25.99 (3.54) | 26.15 (3.79) | 27.97 (4.01) | 25.80 (3.04) | 24.32 (2.55) |
| Education, n (%) | |||||||
| College/University degree, n (%) | 21 625 (37.5) | 2858 (20.9) | 15 552 (49.2) | 3215 (26.0) | 5712 (29.7) | 7128 (37.1) | 8785 (45.7) |
| Never smoked, n (%) | 47 979 (83.2) | 6084 (81.6) | 35 283 (83.5) | 6612 (83.0) | 15 596 (81.2) | 15 952 (83.0) | 16 431 (85.5) |
| Exercise >1 time/week, n (%) | 35 161 (61.0) | 8982 (65.6) | 19 027 (60.2) | 7152 (57.8) | 8836 (46.0) | 11 645 (60.6) | 14 680 (76.4) |
| Changes in self-reported physical activity, mean (SD) | 0.15 (1.10) | 0.17 (1.11) | −0.09 (1.06) | 0.37 (1.06) | 0.24 (1.13) | 0.17 (1.11) | 0.04 (1.04) |
| Baseline test absolute VO2max
(L/min), mean (SD) |
3.12 (0.74) | 3.38 (0.76) | 3.13 (0.73) | 2.79 (0.65) | 2.47 (0.43) | 3.06 (0.44) | 3.82 (0.60) |
| Baseline test relative VO2max
(mL/kg1/min1), mean (SD) |
37.43 (9.70) | 40.52 (10.14) | 37.65 (9.56) | 33.35 (8.61) | 27.39 (3.63) | 36.48 (2.37) | 48.42 (6.41) |
| Time between tests (years), mean (SD) | 4.92 (3.61) | 3.36 (2.14) | 6.33 (3.96) | 3.02 (2.03) | 4.54 (3.28) | 5.02 (3.64) | 5.20 (3.84) |
| Follow-up (years), mean (SD) | 6.73 (4.85) | 7.22 (4.99) | 6.25 (4.63) | 7.42 (5.09) | 6.66 (4.81) | 6.74 (4.86) | 6.80 (4.87) |
| Changes in absolute VO2max per year (L/min), mean (SD) |
−0.01 (0.17) | −0.29 (0.14) | −0.02 (0.08) | 0.26 (0.12) | 0.03 (0.14) | −0.01 (0.16) | −0.06 (0.20) |
| Change in relative VO2max per year (mL∙kg-1∙min-1), mean (SD) |
−0.27 (2.20) | −3.63 (1.95) | −0.31 (1.10) | 3.09 (1.80) | 0.33 (1.71) | −0.18 (2.03) | −0.96 (2.58) |
| Changes in BMI per year (kg/m2), mean (SD) |
0.08 (0.54) | 0.09 (0.41) | 0.10 (0.61) | 0.05 (0.70) | 0.03 (0.64) | 0.09 (0.49) | 0.12 (0.45) |
BMI, body mass index; VO2max, estimated maximal oxygen consumption.