Table 3.
Mean±SD*, median (IQR) or n (%) of groups at baseline and 6-month and 12-month follow-up
| Outcome measures | Groups | |||||||
| Month 0 | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 12 | |||||
| Intervention (n=290) | Control (n=315) | Intervention (n=269) | Control (n=287) | Intervention (n=269) | Control (n=272) | Intervention (n=257) | Control (n=252) | |
| CPM from accelerometer† | 267±126* | 271±126‡ | Not assessed | Not assessed | 271±146§ | 254±125¶ | 262±153** | 265±168†† |
| Daily steps (number)† | 6495±2976* | 6306±2885‡ | Not assessed | Not assessed | 6621±3104 | 5847±2732¶ | 6445±3376** | 5952±2844†† |
| IPEQ (hours/week) | ||||||||
| Incidental activity | 27.38±18.05 | 24.86±16.44 | 26.64±17.43 | 26.13±15.91 | 26.01±18.11 | 25.07±17.13 | 25.98±18.22 | 23.58±15.82 |
| Walking activity | 3.10 (1.13–6) | 2.63 (1.13–5.1) | 3.75 (1.88–6.93) | 3.19 (1.13–5.25) | 3.38 (1.69–6.75) | 2.63 (0.88–5.06) | 3.75 (1.69–6.75) | 2.44 (1.13–4.88) |
| Planned activity | 4.93 (1.75–8.75) | 4.63 (1.75–8.13) | 6.38 (3.38–10.25) | 4.82 (2.63–8.38) | 6 (2.69–9.63) | 5.19 (2.63–8.38) | 6.63 (3.38–10.25) | 5.25 (3.00–8.38) |
| Planned walking activities | 1.5 (0–3.38) | 1.5 (0–3.38) | 1.69 (0.75–3.38) | 1.5 (0.38–3.38) | 1.69 (0.75–3.38) | 1.5 (0–3.38) | 1.69 (0.75–3.38) | 1.5 (0.25–3.38) |
| Planned sport activities | 2.90±3.53 | 2.64±2.60 | 3.54±3.76 | 3.00±3.21 | 3.53±3.19 | 3.05±2.87 | 4.82±3.88 | 4.24±3.35 |
| Total score | 32.04±18.69 | 29.10±17.19 | 32.94±18.54 | 31.16±17.08 | 31.73±18.82 | 29.70±18.20 | 33.88±18.80 | 29.90±16.80 |
| Device-measured sedentary, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) | ||||||||
| Sedentary (min/week)† | 514.29±119.14* | 505.6±124.21‡ | Not assessed | Not assessed | 519.46±138.89§ | 504.57±144.96¶ | 532.54±147.62** | 504.41±157.90†† |
| Light intensity (min/week)† | 262.55±90.30* | 263.01±87.15‡ | Not assessed | Not assessed | 255.14± 81.5§ | 244.17±84.49¶ | 255.34±78.95** | 248.92±88.97†† |
| MVPA (min/week)† | 109 (39−218)* | 116 (38–220)‡ | Not assessed | Not assessed | 120 (50−205)§ | 93 (32–202)¶ | 96 (34–209)** | 93 (28−191)†† |
| Meet recommendation of 150 min/week of MVPA, n (%)† | 113 (39) | 125 (41) | Not assessed | Not assessed | 110 (42) | 90 (35) | 87 (35) | 84 (35) |
| COMPAS-W (raw score 26–130) | 98.74±11.33 | 98.64±10.14 | 100.11±10.35 | 99.10±10.32 | 100.41±10.32 | 98.95±10.49 | 93.21±7.82 | 92.16±8.54 |
| EQ-5D-5L quality of life‡‡ | ||||||||
| Health utility score (−0.68 to 1) | 0.83±0.17 | 0.83±0.15 | 0.85±0.17 | 0.82±0.17 | 0.84±0.18 | 0.81±0.18 | 0.84±0.17 | 0.84±0.17 |
| VAS score (0–100) | 82.93±13.14 | 81.82±13.17 | 84.54±12.94 | 82.92±13.92 | 83.98±13.90 | 82.32±14.24 | 84.20±14.52 | 81.65±15.31 |
| WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (raw score 12–60)‡‡ | 16.47±4.76 | 16.83±4.64 | 15.73±4.05 | 16.16±4.78 | 15.99±4.70 | 16.64±5.11 | 15.58±4.17 | 16.29±4.83 |
| Australian Dietary Guidelines | ||||||||
| Number of vegetable serves | 2.68 (1.97) | 2.77 (1.40) | 2.71 (1.39) | 3.15 (1.38) | 2.82 (1.40) | 3.10 (1.40) | 2.78 (1.46) | 3.04 (1.37) |
| Number of fruit serves | 1.79 (1.05) | 1.91 (1.13) | 1.90 (0.99) | 2.08 (1.17) | 1.93 (1.03) | 2.16 (1.31) | 1.99 (1.10) | 2.05 (1.02) |
| BMI | 27.42±5.07 | 27.76±6.03 | Not assessed | Not assessed | 27.85±14.01 | 27.07±4.96 | 27.15±5.08 | 26.93±5.13 |
| Falls Efficacy Scale (7−28)‡‡ | 9 (7−10) | 8 (7−10) | 8 (7−9) | 8 (7−10) | 8 (7−9) | 8 (7−10) | 8 (7−9) | 8 (7−10) |
| PANAS Scale, (10−50) | ||||||||
| Positive Affect score | 36.04±7.52 | 35.42±7.29 | 35.40±8.08 | 35.34±7.76 | 36.25±7.39 | 35.12±8.07 | 36.53±7.60 | 35.35±7.83 |
| Negative Affect score | 11 (10–15) | 12 (10–14) | 11 (10–15) | 11 (10–14) | 12 (10–14) | 11 (10–14) | 11 (10–14) | 11 (10–14) |
| Modified Gait Efficacy Scale (10−100) | 93 (83–98) | 92 (81–98) | 94 (84–98) | 94 (83–98) | 95 (86–99) | 94 (81–98) | 95 (85–99) | 94 (82–98) |
| Risk-taking behaviour (5−20)§§ | 11.78±2.31 | 11.79±2.27 | 11.67±2.26 | 11.49±2.24 | 11.68±2.36 | 11.53±2.37 | 11.40±2.52 | 11.62±2.34 |
Bold row=co-primary outcome.
*n=287.
†Accelerometer-based measures.
‡n=306.
§n=260.
¶n=254.
**n=246.
††n=242.
‡‡Lower scores indicate better performance.
§§Higher scores indicate lower levels of concerning about falls.
BMI, body mass index; COMPAS-W, Composite Scale of Wellbeing; CPM, counts per minute; IPEQ, Incidental and Planned Exercise Questionnaire; PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Positive Affect subscale score); VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.