TABLE 4.
Measurement of blood pressure and prevalence of prehypertension and raised blood pressure and their determinants in Indian population (National Family Health Survey-5, India, 2019–2021).
| Subgroups | Ever measured blood pressure | Prehypertension | Raised blood pressure | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Prevalence (%) | AOR | n | Prevalence (%) | AOR | n | Prevalence (%) | AOR | |
| (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||||
| Overall | 707,843 | 66.7 (66.6–66.8) | 743,067 | 33.7 (33.6–33.8) | 743,067 | 15.9 (15.8–16.0) | |||
| Age Group | |||||||||
| <30 | 304,546 | 59.6 (59.4–59.7) | 1 | 321,205 | 27.8 (27.6–27.9) | 1 | 321,205 | 8.2 (8.1–8.3) | 1 |
| ≥30 | 403,297 | 72.1 (72.0–72.2) | 1.38 (1.35–1.41) | 421,862 | 38.3 (38.1–38.4) | 1.31 (1.28–1.34) | 421,862 | 21.8 (21.7–21.9) | 2.35 (2.27–2.43) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 85,043 | 54.3 (54.0–54.7) | 1 | 91,900 | 42.4 (42.1–42.8) | 1 | 91,900 | 19.2 (18.9–19.4) | 1 |
| Female | 622,800 | 68.4 (68.3–68.5) | 1.79 (1.74–1.84) | 651,167 | 32.5 (32.4–32.6) | 0.60 (0.58–0.61) | 651,167 | 15.5 (15.4–15.5) | 0.72 (0.69–0.75) |
| Education | |||||||||
| Illiterate | 165,288 | 63.5 (63.3–63.7) | 1 | 171,594 | 37.1 (36.8–37.3) | 1 | 171,594 | 20.0 (19.8–20.2) | 1 |
| Literate | 542,555 | 67.7 (67.5–67.8) | 1.24 (1.21–1.28) | 571,472 | 32.7 (32.6–32.8) | 0.91 (0.89–0.94) | 571,472 | 14.7 (14.6–14.8) | 0.84 (0.81–0.87) |
| Occupation | |||||||||
| Unemployed | 77,918 | 64.8 (64.5–65.2) | 1 | 82,520 | 33.1 (32.8–33.4) | 1 | 82,520 | 15.0 (14.7–15.2) | 1 |
| Employed | 100,019 | 59.7 (59.4–60.0) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 106,584 | 40.4 (40.2–40.7) | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 106,584 | 19.1 (18.8–19.3) | 0.92 (0.89–0.95) |
| Household wealth quintile | 177,937 | 61.9 (61.7–62.2) | 189,104 | 37.2 (37.0–37.5) | 189,104 | 17.3 (17.1–17.5) | |||
| Poorest/Poorer | 268,642 | 59.0 (58.8–59.1) | 1 | 277,770 | 33.4 (33.2–33.5) | 1 | 277,770 | 14.8 (14.7–15.0) | 1 |
| Middle | 147,711 | 67.2 (67.0–67.5) | 1.31 (1.27–1.35) | 153,213 | 33.4 (33.2–33.7) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 153,213 | 16.3 (16.2–16.5) | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) |
| Richer/Richest | 291,490 | 73.6 (73.4–73.7) | 1.55 (1.51–1.60) | 312,083 | 34.2 (34.0–34.4) | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) | 312,083 | 16.7 (16.5–16.8) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Others | 150,108 | 47.0 (46.8–47.3) | 1 | 160,845 | 30.0 (29.8–30.3) | 1 | 160,845 | 10.1 (9.9–10.2) | 1 |
| Currently married | 557,735 | 72.0 (71.9–72.1) | 2.13 (2.07–2.18) | 582,222 | 34.8 (34.6–34.9) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | 582,222 | 17.5 (17.4–17.6) | 1.19 (1.14–1.23) |
| Place Of Residence | |||||||||
| Rural | 478,833 | 63.9 (63.8–64.0) | 1 | 495,542 | 33.8 (33.7–33.9) | 1 | 495,542 | 15.7 (15.6–15.8) | 1 |
| Urban | 229,009 | 72.6 (72.4–72.7) | 1.23 (1.20–1.26) | 247,525 | 33.6 (33.4–33.8) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 247,525 | 16.3 (16.2–16.5) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) |
| Tobacco consumption | |||||||||
| No | 641,882 | 67.7 (67.6–67.8) | 1 | 673,826 | 33.1 (33.0–33.2) | 1 | 673,826 | 15.5 (15.4–15.6) | 1 |
| Yes | 65,961 | 56.7 (56.3–57.0) | 0.79 (0.77–0.82) | 69,241 | 39.5 (39.2–39.9) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 69,241 | 20.1 (19.8–20.4) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
| No | 681,364 | 67.0 (66.9–67.1) | 1 | 714,886 | 33.5 (33.3–33.6) | 1 | 714,886 | 15.6 (15.5–15.7) | 1 |
| Yes | 26,479 | 59.3 (58.7–59.9) | 1.26 (1.22–1.30) | 28,181 | 40.7 (40.1–41.3) | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | 28,181 | 24.1 (23.6–24.6) | 1.38 (1.32–1.43) |
| BMI | |||||||||
| Normal/Underweight | 412,944 | 60.9 (60.7–61.0) | 1 | 414,304 | 32.5 (32.3–32.6) | 1 | 414,304 | 11.8 (11.7–11.9) | 1 |
| Overweight/Obese | 292,870 | 74.9 (74.7–75.0) | 1.22 (1.19–1.25) | 293,837 | 39.3 (39.1–39.5) | 1.21 (1.18–1.24) | 293,837 | 23.5 (23.3–23.6) | 1.49 (1.44–1.54) |
| Central obesity | |||||||||
| Absent | 410,769 | 60.3 (60.2–60.5) | 1 | 411,946 | 33.2 (33.1–33.4) | 1 | 411,946 | 12.3 (12.2–12.4) | 1 |
| Present | 295,169 | 75.5 (75.4–75.7) | 1.33 (1.30–1.37) | 296,064 | 38.3 (38.1–38.4) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 296,064 | 22.7 (22.6–22.9) | 1.63 (1.58–1.68) |
| Blood glucose level | |||||||||
| Normal | 683,918 | 66.4 (66.2–66.5) | 1 | 685,080 | 35.6 (35.5–35.7) | 1 | 685,080 | 15.7 (15.6–15.8) | 1 |
| Raised | 11,691 | 81.4 (80.7–82.1) | 1.52 (1.40–1.65) | 11,711 | 34.6 (33.7–35.4) | 0.65 (0.60–0.69) | 11,711 | 44.8 (43.9–45.7) | 2.47 (2.31–2.64) |
p value <0.05 is considered statistically significant.