REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Antibodies
anti-Nestin	Millipore	Cat# MAB353, RRID:AB_94911
anti-Pax7	DSHB	Cat# AB_528428, RRID:AB_528428
anti-MF20	DSHB	Cat# AB_2147781, RRID:AB_2147781
anti-MyoD	Santa Cruz	Cat# sc-377460, RRID:AB_2813894
anti-Ki67	Cell Signaling	Cat# 12202, RRID:AB_2620142
Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 568	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# A10042, RRID:AB_2534017
Goat anti-Mouse IgG2a Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 568	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# A21134, RRID:AB_2535773
Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# A21206, RRID:AB_2535792
Goat anti-Chicken IgY (H + L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# A11039, RRID:AB_2534096
H3K27me3 antibody	Active Motif	Cat# 39155, RRID:AB_2561020
Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins
rhEFG	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# PH G0311
Fetal Bovine Serum	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# 16000-044
Maxima H Minus cDNA Synthesis Master MIX	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# M1662
Lipofectamine 2000	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# 11668019
SB 431542	Tocris	Cat# 1614
SsoAdvanced Universal SYBR ∗Green Supermix	BIORAD	Cat# 1725274
Astrocyte Growth Supplement	ScienCell	Cat# 1852
L-Methionine	Sigma	Cat# M5308
L-Threonine	Sigma	Cat# T8441
Glycine	Sigma	Cat# G5417
Putrescine dihydrochloride	Sigma	Cat# P5780
L-cysteine	Sigma	Cat# C7477
S-adenosylmethionine tosylate	Cayman Chemical	Cat# 16376
L-Arginine	Sigma	Cat# A8094
Creatine	Sigma	Cat# C0780
D-Fructose	Sigma	Cat# F0127
L-Histidine	Sigma	Cat# H5659
L-Leucine	Sigma	Cat# L8912
L-Valine	Sigma	Cat# V0513
Taurine	Sigma	Cat# T8691
r-bFGF	Joint Protein Central	Cat# BBI-EXP-002
Y27632	Reagents Direct	Cat# 53-B85-50
LDN193189	MILTENYI BIOTEC	Cat# 130-106-540
cAMP	Cayman Chemical	Cat# 18820
CHIR99021	Selleck	Cat# S2924
IWP4	Stemgent	Cat# 04-0036
B-27 Supplement	Life Technologies	Cat# 17504-044
N2 Supplement	Life Technologies	Cat# 17502048
Cardiotoxin	Latoxan S.A.S.	Cat# L8102
AAV-MyoD-2A-GFP	VectorBiolabs	Cat#230116
Critical commercial assays
STEMPro Chondrogenesis Differentiation Kit	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# A10069
RNeasy Plus Mini kit	QIAGEN	Cat# 74106
Anti-GLAST (ACSA-1) Microbead Kit	MILTENYI BIOTEC	Cat# 130-095-825
Magnetic plate	OZ Biosciences	Cat# MF10000
Combimag	OZ Biosciences	Cat# CM20200
Methionine Assay Kit (Fluorometric)	ABCAM	Cat# ab234041
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) ELISA Kit	Cell Biolabs	Cat# STA-672
Experimental models: Cell lines
Mouse Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells OriCell Strain	Cyagen	Cat# C57BL/6
Myoblasts C2C12	ATCC	Cat# CRL 1772
Mouse embryonic stem cells: ZHBTcH4 ESCs	Laboratory of Dr. Hitoshi Niwa	Laboratory of Dr. Hitoshi Niwa
Human BJ-fibroblasts	ATCC	Cat# CRL-2522
Human ESC H1	WiCell	Cat#WA01
Experimental models: Organisms/strains
Mouse ICR (CD-1®) outbred mice	Envigo	Cat# Hsd:ICR (CD-1®)
Mouse C57BL inbred mice	Jackson	JAX® Mice
Oligonucleotides
See Table S5 for list of primers	Eton Bioscience
Software and algorithms
ImageJ	Open Source	https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/
Metabolon Portal ®	Metabolon®	https://portal.metabolon.com/en/login
Metaboanalyst	Xia et al., 200937	https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/
ArrayStudio	Omicsoft	http://omicsoft.com/software/ArrayStudioLauncher/publish.htm
Basepair	Basepair	https://www.basepairtech.com/
Interactivenn	Heberle et al., 201538	http://www.interactivenn.net/
Enrichr	Chen et al., 201339	https://maayanlab.cloud/Enrichr/
gProfiler	Raudvere et al., 201940	https://biit.cs.ut.ee/gprofiler/gost
Graph Pad Prism8	© 2018 GraphPad Software	https://www.graphpad.com/scientific-software/prism/
Raw graphs software	Mauri et al., 201741	https://rawgraphs.io/
Adobe Illustrator	© 2020 Adobe	https://www.adobe.com/
ToppGene Suite	Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center	https://toppgene.cchmc.org/
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software	Subramanian et al., 200542	https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/index.jsp
Activity Monitor Software	Med Associates Inc.	https://med-associates.com/product/activity-monitor-7-software/
Deposited Data
Metabolomics	Mendeley	Mendeley Data:https://doi.org/10.17632/ghjgddwfzz.1
RPC strategy	Mendeley	Mendeley Data: https://doi.org/10.17632/zgftdrtrxx.1
Transcriptomics: Myoblast differentiation and Neural stem cell transitions	Gene Expression Omnibus	Database GEO: GSE155193 and GSE145897
Transcriptomics: Effect of metabolite intervention in mice muscle gene expression	Gene Expression Omnibus	Database GEO: GSE229533
Transcriptomics: Effect of metabolites supplementation on C2C12 gene expression	Gene Expression Omnibus	Database GEO: GSE229534