Table 2.
Characteristics Among the 3,721,813 Participants of the AIRCODEN Cohort at the Study Baseline on March 1, 2020
| Total Population | COVID-19 Incidence | COVID-19 Hospitalization | COVID-19 Mortality | All-Cause Mortality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 3,721,813 | 138,742 | 11,270 | 2,557 | 62,359 |
| Person-day at risk | – | 1,531,385,032 | 1,549,500,678 | 1,551,066,930 | 1,551,066,930 |
| Follow-up time, day | – | 411 | 416 | 417 | 417 |
| Individual level | |||||
| Age, year (mean ± SD) | 56.3 ± 15.6 | 52.0 ± 14.6 | 68.1 ± 15.6 | 81.1 ± 10.3 | 78.6 ± 12.2 |
| Age > 65 years old, N (%) | 1,157,323 (31.1%) | 25,207 (18.2%) | 6,859 (60.9%) | 2,383 (93.2%) | 53,873 (86.4%) |
| Female, N (%) | 1,904,171 (51.2%) | 72,250 (52.1%) | 5,024 (44.6%) | 1,162 (45.4%) | 30,520 (48.9%) |
| Employed, N (%) | 2,124,059 (57.1%) | 96,036 (69.2%) | 3,042 (27.0%) | 119 (4.6%) | 4,247 (6.81%) |
| Married/Partner, N (%) | 2,069,552 (55.6%) | 84,220 (60.7%) | 6,019 (53.4%) | 991 (38.8%) | 23,548 (37.8%) |
| Income | |||||
| Low, N (%) | 1,082,427 (29.1%) | 38,286 (27.6%) | 5,266 (46.7%) | 1,454 (56.9%) | 36,205 (58.1%) |
| Middle, N (%) | 1,245,348 (33.5%) | 45,530 (32.8%) | 3,408 (30.2%) | 815 (31.9%) | 18,717 (30.0%) |
| High, N (%) | 1,394,038 (37.5%) | 54,926 (39.6%) | 2,596 (23.0%) | 288 (11.3%) | 7,437 (11.9%) |
| Danish origin, N (%) | 3,263,925 (87.7%) | 103,383 (74.5%) | 8,739 (77.5%) | 2,316 (90.6%) | 59,186 (94.9%) |
| Higher education, N (%) | 477,065 (12.8%) | 19,288 (13.9%) | 742 (6.6%) | 99 (3.9%) | 2,436 (3.9%) |
| Wealth | |||||
| Low, N (%) | 1,072,333 (28.8%) | 47,463 (34.2%) | 2,175 (19.3%) | 202 (7.9%) | 6,307 (10.1%) |
| Middle, N (%) | 1,122,312 (30.2%) | 44,976 (32.4%) | 4,670 (41.4%) | 1,255 (49.1%) | 27,735 (44.5%) |
| High, N (%) | 1,527,168 (41.0%) | 46,303 (33.4%) | 4,425 (39.3%) | 1,100 (43.0%) | 28,317 (45.4%) |
| Family size ≤ 2, N (%) | 3,313,067 (89.0%) | 117,557 (84.7%) | 9,856 (87.5%) | 2,399 (93.8%) | 58,909 (94.5%) |
| Area levela | |||||
| Mean income, (mean ± SD) | 287,915 ± 67,593 | 289,951 ± 74,259 | 287,678 ± 75,397 | 291,937 ± 74,262 | 281,695 ± 64,536 |
| Median wealth (mean ± SD) | 120,780 ± 169,063 | 110,713 ± 176,085 | 108,098 ± 176,085 | 115,528 ± 180,480 | 114,052 ± 158,615 |
| Unemployment rate (mean ± SD) | 1.0% ± 0.5% | 1.2% ± 0.5% | 1.2% ± 0.5% | 1.1% ± 0.5% | 1.0% ± 0.5% |
| Low education rate (mean ± SD) | 22.6% ± 7.6% | 21.5% ± 7.6% | 22.3% ± 7.7% | 21.7% ± 7.6% | 23.9% ± 7.5% |
| Population density, N/km2 (mean ± SD) | 20.8 ± 42.3 | 30.2 ± 51.4 | 27.8 ± 45.8 | 28.2 ± 44.6 | 17.1 ± 33.5 |
| GP visit rate (mean ± SD) | 77.3% ± 2.0% | 76.8% ± 2.2% | 76.9% ± 2.1% | 76.9% ± 2.0% | 77.5% ± 1.8% |
| Air pollution in 2019 based on DEHM/UBM Model | |||||
| PM2.5 (mean ± SD) | 7.4 ± 0.5 | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 7.4 ± 0.5 |
| NO2 (mean ± SD) | 10.7 ± 2.4 | 11.5 ± 2.4 | 11.4 ± 2.3 | 11.5 ± 2.3 | 10.6 ± 2.3 |
| BC (mean ± SD) | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 |
| PM10 (mean ± SD) | 12.7 ± 0.9 | 12.6 ± 0.8 | 12.5 ± 0.8 | 12.5 ± 0.7 | 12.8 ± 0.9 |
| O3 (mean ± SD) | 54.5 ± 2.2 | 54.0 ± 2.0 | 54.1 ± 2.0 | 54.1 ± 1.9 | 54.7 ± 2.2 |
GP = general practitioner; DEHM/UBM = Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model/Urban Background Model.
a Area level variables were based on the parish, the smallest administrative unit in Denmark.