Table 1.

Baseline and post-45-day VLCKD anthropometric and body composition parameters of women with acne and obesity

Parameters (N = 31)	Baseline	Post 45 days of active phase of VLCKD	p-value	∆%
Anthropometric parameters
Weight (kg)	88.90 ± 6.12	81.73 ± 5.93	< 0.001	− 8.07 ± 1.52
BMI (kg/m2)	32.69 ± 1.34	30.05 ± 1.37	< 0.001	− 8.08 ± 1.52
Overweight (n, %)	–	12 (38.7)	χ2 = 12.50, p < 0.001
Grade I obesity (n, %)	31 (100.0)	19 (61.3)
WC (cm)	97.81 ± 4.46	90.43 ± 4.98	< 0.001	− 7.51 ± 1.67
< cut off *	–	11 (35.5)	χ2 = 11.50, p < 0.001
> cut off *	31 (100.0)	20 (64.5)
Body composition parameters
R (Ω)	480.68 ± 55.01	484.58 ± 53.14	< 0.001	0.91 ± 2.88
Xc (Ω)	48.45 ± 6.44	52.87 ± 6.14	< 0.001	9.69 ± 8.89
PhA (°)	5.75 ± 0.34	6.24 ± 0.41	< 0.001	8.60 ± 7.40
TBW (lt)	40.08 ± 3.23	39.15 ± 3.00	< 0.001	− 2.26 ± 1.60
TBW (%)	45.18 ± 3.69	48.04 ± 3.91	< 0.001	6.35 ± 2.07
ECW (lt)	18.80 ± 1.68	17.48 ± 1.47	< 0.001	− 6.87 ± 4.47
ECW (%)	46.90 ± 1.61	44.70 ± 1.78	< 0.001	− 4.66 ± 3.79
ICW (lt)	21.27 ± 1.80	21.67 ± 1.85	0.003	1.91 ± 3.26
ICW (%)	53.10 ± 1.61	55.31 ± 1.78	< 0.001	4.22 ± 3.62
FM (kg)	34.78 ± 5.45	28.50 ± 5.50	< 0.001	− 18.43 ± 5.48
FM (%)	38.95 ± 4.36	34.66 ± 5.10	< 0.001	− 11.34 ± 4.90
FFM (kg)	54.14 ± 3.83	53.24 ± 3.81	< 0.001	− 1.66 ± 1.38
FFM (%)	61.05 ± 4.36	65.34 ± 5.10	< 0.001	7.02 ± 2.32
BCM (kg)	28.40 ± 2.23	29.21 ± 2.45	0.001	2.91 ± 4.20
BCMI (kg/m2)	10.45 ± 0.76	10.76 ± 0.87	< 0.001	3.05 ± 4.15
SMM (kg)	226.42 ± 3.12	26.21 ± 2.92	0.101	− 0.68 ± 2.47
SMM (%)	29.82 ± 3.67	32.18 ± 3.89	< 0.001	8.00 ± 3.06

VLCKD very low-calorie ketogenic diet, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, R resistance, Xc reactance, PhA phase angle, TBW total body water, ECW extracellular water, ICW intracellular water, FM fat mass, FFM fat free mass, BCM body cell mass, BCMI body cell mass index, SMM skeletal muscle mass

A p-value in bold type denotes a significant difference (p < 0.05)

^* WC 88 cm and 102 cm for females and males, respectively