Table 2.
Baseline and post-45-day VLCKD dysbiosis and oxidative stress parameters of women with acne and obesity
| Parameters (N = 31) | Baseline | Post 45 days of active phase of VLCKD | p-value | ∆% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMAO (µM) | 5.20 ± 1.70 | 2.60 ± 1.39 | < 0.001 | − 51.97 ± 15.98 |
| dROMS (U Carr) | 369.65 ± 50.78 | 224.64 ± 58.89 | < 0.001 | − 38.07 ± 18.40 |
| Normal (250–300 U Carr) (n, %) | – | 28 (90.3) | χ2 = 47.48, p < 0.001 | |
| Borderline (300–320 U Carr) (n, %) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (3.2) | χ2 = 0.01, p = 0.999 | |
| Mild oxidative stress (321–340 U Carr) (n, %) | 8 (25.8) | 2 (6.5) | χ2 = 2.98, p = 0.084 | |
| Moderate oxidative stress (341–400 U Carr) (n, %) | 14 (45.2) | – | χ2 = 15.59, p < 0.001 | |
| High oxidative stress (401–500 U Carr) (n, %) | 7 (22.6) | – | χ2 = 5.80, p = 0.016 |
VLCKD very low-calorie ketogenic diet, Δ% percentage change, dROMS reactive oxygen metabolites, TMAO trimethylamine n-oxide
A p-value in bold type denotes a significant difference (p < 0.05)