(a) Percentages of Ki67+ cells were measured for both LSK and WBM populations to reflect cells in cell cycle. n≥5 for both male and female Vav-Cre;Igf1rL/L and Vav-Cre mice. (b) Percentages of Ki67+ proliferating cells were measured for all LSK subpopulations. n≥5 for both male and female Vav-Cre;Igf1rL/L and Vav-Cre mice. (c) Percentages of Ki67+ proliferating cells were measured for HSCs of female or male mice with the indicated genotypes (legend the same as in d) treated with oil (O) or β-estradiol (E), and are shown as fold changes in relation to those of corresponding controls (i.e., oil-treatment). n≥3 for both male and female Vav-Cre;Igf1rL/L and Vav-Cre mice. (d) Percentages of AnnexinV+ apoptotic cells were measured for HPCs of female or male mice with the indicated genotypes treated with oil (O) or β-estradiol (E), and are shown as fold changes in relation to those of corresponding controls (i.e., oil-treatment). n≥3 for both male and female Vav-Cre;Igf1rL/L and Vav-Cre mice. Data represent mean ± SEM, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005, ****p<0.001, n.s.=not significant.