Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Unmatched and Matched Cohorts
| Summary Statistics | Mortality Rates | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Unmatched Cohort (No.a) | Matched Cohort (No.a) | Unmatched Cohort (No.a) | Matched Cohort (No.a) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Characteristic | ET | Non-ET | P Value | ET | Non-ET | P Value | ET | Non-ET | ET | Non-ET |
|
| ||||||||||
| Age, yb,c (mean) | 38.0 (105) | 37.9 (704) | .97 | 37.0 (101) | 37.3 (314) | .91 | ||||
| Female sexb | 54.8 (104) | 66.8 (683) | .02 | 54.5 (101) | 59.6 (314) | .37 | 12.3 (7) | 11.2 (51) | 12.7 (7) | 17.1 (32) |
| Pregnant | 2.9 (35) | 9.5 (168) | .20 | 2.9 (34) | 6.0 (83) | .49 | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) |
| Prophylaxis taken | 17.9 (106) | 14.1 (711) | .29 | 17.8 (101) | 17.2 (314) | .89 | 10.5 (2) | 14.0 (14) | 11.1 (2) | 25.9 (14) |
| Antimalarial regimen receivedb,d | 22.9 (105) | 43.3 (711) | <.0001 | 22.8 (101) | 23.9 (314) | .82 | 20.8 (5) | 6.8 (21) | 21.7 (5) | 12.0 (9) |
| Acute respiratory distress syndromeb | 22.6 (106) | 22.4 (711) | .95 | 23.8 (101) | 22.0 (314) | .71 | 16.7 (4) | 13.2 (21) | 16.7 (4) | 15.9 (11) |
| Cerebral malariab,c | 69.8 (106) | 37.3 (711) | <.0001 | 69.3 (101) | 63.7 (314) | .30 | 17.6 (13) | 17.7 (47) | 17.1 (12) | 19.5 (39) |
| Renal failureb,c | 43.4 (106) | 44.4 (711) | .84 | 41.6 (101) | 43.0 (314) | .80 | 30.4 (14) | 14.2 (45) | 31.0 (13) | 25.2 (34) |
| Plasmodium falciparum speciesb | 98.1 (104) | 84.8 (652) | .0002 | 98.0 (101) | 97.8 (314) | .88 | 17.6 (18) | 11.8 (65) | 17.2 (17) | 16.3 (50) |
| Hospital typeb | ||||||||||
| Teaching | 43.4 (106) | 30.0 (711) | .006 | 45.5 (101) | 35.0 (314) | .06 | 8.7 (4) | 5.6 (12) | 8.7 (4) | 6.4 (7) |
| >200-bed community | 21.7 (106) | 26.2 (711) | .33 | 19.8 (101) | 21.3 (314) | .74 | 21.7 (5) | 10.8 (20) | 25.0 (5) | 19.4 (13) |
| 100–200-bed community | 5.7 (106) | 8.3 (711) | .35 | 5.9 (101) | 4.1 (314) | .45 | 33.3 (2) | 3.4 (2) | 33.3 (2) | 20.0 (1) |
| <100-bed community | 1.9 (106) | 3.1 (711) | .49 | 2.0 (101) | 2.5 (314) | .75 | 0.0 (0) | 4.5 (1) | 0.0 (0) | 12.5 (1) |
| Unknown | 27.4 (106) | 32.5 (711) | .29 | 26.7 (101) | 36.9 (314) | .06 | 27.6 (8) | 16.5 (38) | 25.9 (7) | 24.1 (28) |
| Possible immune statusb,c | ||||||||||
| Possibly semi-immune | 31.1 (106) | 41.8 (711) | .04 | 30.7 (101) | 28.3 (314) | .65 | 12.1 (4) | 5.7 (17) | 12.9 (4) | 6.7 (6) |
| Possibly not immune | 36.8 (106) | 28.6 (711) | .08 | 37.6 (101) | 36.6 (314) | .86 | 17.9 (7) | 9.9 (20) | 18.4 (7) | 11.3 (13) |
| Unknown | 32.1 (106) | 29.7 (711) | .62 | 31.7 (101) | 35.0 (314) | .54 | 23.5 (8) | 17.1 (36) | 21.9 (7) | 28.2 (31) |
| Parasite densityb | ||||||||||
| <10% | 1.9 (106) | 8.0 (711) | .02 | 2.0 (101) | 2.9 (314) | .63 | 0.0 (0) | 7.0 (4) | 0.0 (0) | 22.2 (2) |
| ≥10% | 6.6 (106) | 4.8 (711) | .42 | 6.9 (101) | 4.8 (314) | .40 | 14.3 (1) | 8.8 (3) | 14.3 (1) | 20.0 (3) |
| Unknown | 91.5 (106) | 87.2 (711) | .21 | 91.1 (101) | 92.4 (314) | .68 | 18.6 (18) | 10.6 (66) | 18.5 (17) | 15.5 (45) |
| Propensity score (mean) | 0.25 (101) | 0.12 (711) | 0.25 (101) | 0.20 (314) | ||||||
Data are presented as % (No.) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviation: ET, exchange transfusion.
a
Total No. differs for some characteristics because of missing data.
b
Characteristics used in propensityscore model.
c
Included as covariate in final outcome model.
d
Documented to have received a drug regimen recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for malaria.