Table 3.
Association of Physical Activity with All-Cause Mortality by Sex
| All-cause Deaths | Females | Males | P Interaction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | ||
| Aerobic Physical activity | |||||
| Inactive | Referent | - | Referent | - | |
| Active* | 0.76 (0.73, 0.80) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.82, 0.89) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Frequency, sessions/week | |||||
| Inactive | Referent | - | Referent | - | |
| 1–5 | 0.71 (0.65, 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.78, 0.89) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 6–9 | 0.74 (0.70, 0.79) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.78, 0.88) | <0.001 | |
| ≥10 | 0.80 (0.76, 0.85) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) | <0.001 | |
| Duration of session, min | |||||
| Inactive | Referent | - | Referent | - | |
| <15 | 0.80 (0.75, 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.79, 0.89) | <0.001 | 0.063 |
| 15–29 | 0.84 (0.77, 0.91) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.84, 0.98) | 0.025 | |
| 30–59 | 0.73 (0.69, 0.78) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.74, 0.83) | <0.001 | |
| ≥60 | 0.78 (0.73, 0.83) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.74, 0.85) | <0.001 | |
| Intensity (VPA/MVPA), % | |||||
| Inactive | Referent | - | Referent | - | |
| <25 | 0.65 (0.51, 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.64, 0.96) | 0.020 | 0.007 |
| 25–49 | 0.70 (0.62, 0.79) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.73, 0.90) | <0.001 | |
| 50–74 | 0.75 (0.71, 0.80) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.78, 0.88) | <0.001 | |
| 75–100 | 0.78 (0.75, 0.82) | <0.001 | 0.82 (0.78, 0.86) | <0.001 | |
| Muscle Strengthening Activity | |||||
| Inactive | Referent | - | Referent | - | |
| Active* | 0.81 (0.76, 0.85) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.85, 0.94) | <0.001 | 0.005 |
| Frequency, sessions/week | |||||
| Inactive | Referent | - | Referent | - | |
| 2–3 | 0.74 (0.69, 0.80) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.81, 0.92) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 4–5 | 0.80 (0.73, 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.81, 0.97) | 0.014 | |
| ≥6 | 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) | 0.008 | 0.96 (0.90, 1.03) | 0.27 | |
Abbreviations: MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity; MPA, moderate intensity physical activity; VPA, vigorous intensity physical activity; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. All models accounted for the multi-staged survey sample design and were adjusted for total MVPA, muscle strengthening PA (i.e., frequency) and covariates that included age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, education, income-to-poverty ratio, marriage status, access to medical care, self-rated health, and chronic disease conditions.
Physically active adults were then stratified by frequency, duration, and intensity of physical activity.