Table 4.
Adjusteda prevalence of sleep duration and indicators of sleep quality among adults aged ≥ 18 years who reported a history of epilepsy, by anti-epileptic drug use, and seizure status---National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2013,2015 and 2017.
| With ASMb | Without ASM | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With seizuresc | Without seizures | With seizuresc | Without seizure | |||||
| Nod | % (95% CI)e | Nod | % (95% CI)e | Nod | % (95% CI)e | Nod | % (95% CI)e | |
| Sleep duration (hours/24-hours) | ||||||||
| <7 | 173 | 32.1 (26.9–37.8) | 139 | 37.9 (31.2–45.1) | 76 | 38.4 (30.1–47.5) | 264 | 41.0 (36.2–46.0) |
| 7–9 | 240 | 54.8 (48.6–60.8) | 225 | 52.4 (45.5–59.3) | 70 | 55.1 (45.8–64.1) | 346 | 49.8 (44.9–54.7) |
| >9 | 66 | 13.1 (9.4–18.0) | 51 | 9.6 (6.6–13.9) | 13 | 6.5 (3.1–13.0)f | 52 | 9.2 (6.5–12.9) |
| Trouble falling asleep (times in past week) | ||||||||
| 0–2 | 298 | 69.5 (63.8–74.7) | 293 | 66.8 (60.4–72.7) | 75 | 59.4 (49.7–68.5) | 445 | 65.6 (60.9–70.1) |
| ≥ 3 | 203 | 30.5 (25.3–36.2) | 130 | 33.2 (27.3–39.6) | 91 | 40.6 (31.5–50.3) | 228 | 34.4 (29.9–39.1) |
| Trouble staying asleep (times in past week) | ||||||||
| 0–2 | 267 | 62.6 (56.6–68.2) | 263 | 61.4 (54.6–67.8) | 71 | 48.6 (38.0–59.3) | 386 | 56.1 (51.2–60.8) |
| ≥ 3 | 234 | 37.4 (31.8–43.4) | 160 | 38.6 (32.2–45.4) | 95 | 51.4 (40.7–62.0) | 287 | 43.9 (39.2–48.8) |
| Sleep medication use (times in past week) | ||||||||
| 0 | 315 | 69.3 (63.4–74.6) | 306 | 71.7 (65.2–77.4) | 99 | 66.9 (56.4–76.0) | 507 | 76.8 (72.5–80.6) |
| ≥1 | 186 | 30.7 (25.4–36.6) | 117 | 28.3 (22.6–34.8) | 67 | 33.1 (24.0–43.6) | 116 | 23.2 (19.4–27.5) |
| Nonrestorative sleep (days in past week) g | ||||||||
| 0–2 | 207 | 49.1 (43.3–54.8) | 214 | 45.4 (39.2–51.7) | 48 | 33.4 (24.6–43.4) | 309 | 44.9 (40.0–49.9) |
| ≥3 | 264 | 50.9 (45.2–56.7) | 191 | 54.6 (48.3–60.8) | 109 | 66.6 (56.6–75.4) | 350 | 55.1 (50.1–60.0) |
Abbreviations: ASM, antiseizure medication; CI=confidence Interval.
Model adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty status, education, having usual health care providers, current employment, body mass index, smoking and alcohol drinking status, physical activity, marital status, region, and serious psychological distress.
With ASM was defined for adults with any epilepsy who responded “yes” to the question of: “Are you currently taking any medicine to control your seizure disorder or epilepsy?”.
With Seizure was defined for adults with any epilepsy who responded having had one or more seizures in the past year.
Unweighted numbers. Categories might not sum to the sample total because of missing responses for some categories.
Weighted percent and 95% confidence interval (CI). A Z-test was conducted to compare the prevalence between those with and without seizures in those with or without ASM, and between those with seizures or without seizures across with and without ASM groups at the statistical significance level of 0.05.
Relative standard error >30%. Interpret these data cautiously.
Nonrestorative sleep was defined by subtracting 7 from the responses to the question of “In the past week, on how many days did you wake up feeling well rested?”.