TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics of demographics, behavioural instruments, and NODDI metrics by time point and sham/active groups.
| Sham | Active | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 (n = 23) | T1 (n = 20) | T0 (n = 30) | T1 (n = 25) | |
| Demographic | ||||
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 20 (87%) | ‐ | 25 (83.3%) | ‐ |
| Female | 3 (13%) | ‐ | 5 (16.7%) | ‐ |
| Age in years, mean ± SD | 33.3 ± 8.1 | ‐ | 36.1 ± 6.8 | ‐ |
| Years of education, mean ± SD | 13.4 ± 2.8 | ‐ | 12.9 ± 3.1 | ‐ |
| Behavioural instrument, mean ± SD | ||||
| Craving: VAS | 2.9 ± 2.9 | 2.3 ± 2.5 | 3.7 ± 3.5 | 1.5 ± 2.4 |
| Craving: CCQ‐now | 146 ± 47.8 | 129.2 ± 46.2 | 148.7 ± 51.5 | 114.8 ± 44.7 |
| Impulsivity: BIS‐11 | 62.6 ± 16.9 | 59.8 ± 21.4 | 65 ± 16.6 | 53.4 ± 17.1 |
| NODDI metrics, mean ± SD | T0 (n = 23) | T1 (n = 20) | T0 (n = 27) | T1 (n = 23) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICVF: Caud2Medulla | 0.812 ± 0.056 | 0.814 ± 0.063 | 0.813 ± 0.053 | 0.825 ± 0.066 |
| ICVF: Caud2Palli | 0.818 ± 0.061 | 0.815 ± 0.066 | 0.818 ± 0.056 | 0.823 ± 0.065 |
| ICVF: DLPFC2Caud | 0.631 ± 0.076 | 0.624 ± 0.073 | 0.627 ± 0.051 | 0.639 ± 0.063 |
| ICVF: DLPFC2rvmPFC | 0.515 ± 0.129 | 0.477 ± 0.1 | 0.451 ± 0.116 | 0.484 ± 0.126 |
| ICVF: DLPFC2Thal | 0.676 ± 0.068 | 0.673 ± 0.071 | 0.676 ± 0.038 | 0.686 ± 0.056 |
| ICVF: rAngG2rDLPFC | 0.663 ± 0.066 | 0.668 ± 0.073 | 0.674 ± 0.036 | 0.674 ± 0.045 |
| ICVF: Thal2Medulla | 0.757 ± 0.08 | 0.761 ± 0.081 | 0.759 ± 0.06 | 0.773 ± 0.072 |
| ICVF: Thal2Palli | 0.771 ± 0.067 | 0.775 ± 0.07 | 0.776 ± 0.058 | 0.784 ± 0.066 |
| ICVF: vmPFC2DLPFC | 0.476 ± 0.126 | 0.441 ± 0.1 | 0.422 ± 0.135 | 0.461 ± 0.142 |
| ICVF: CCforcepsMajor | 0.902 ± 0.071 | 0.891 ± 0.087 | 0.93 ± 0.045 | 0.925 ± 0.064 |
| ISOVF: Caud2Medulla | 0.298 ± 0.068 | 0.296 ± 0.077 | 0.336 ± 0.072 | 0.333 ± 0.085 |
| ISOVF: Caud2Palli | 0.212 ± 0.064 | 0.214 ± 0.07 | 0.247 ± 0.067 | 0.249 ± 0.076 |
| ISOVF: DLPFC2Caud | 0.178 ± 0.057 | 0.175 ± 0.059 | 0.192 ± 0.042 | 0.192 ± 0.04 |
| ISOVF: DLPFC2rvmPFC | 0.288 ± 0.078 | 0.287 ± 0.086 | 0.281 ± 0.084 | 0.283 ± 0.086 |
| ISOVF: DLPFC2Thal | 0.219 ± 0.055 | 0.217 ± 0.061 | 0.242 ± 0.046 | 0.242 ± 0.05 |
| ISOVF: rAngG2rDLPFC | 0.143 ± 0.038 | 0.149 ± 0.043 | 0.164 ± 0.032 | 0.163 ± 0.035 |
| ISOVF: Thal2Medulla | 0.393 ± 0.09 | 0.388 ± 0.101 | 0.434 ± 0.071 | 0.431 ± 0.081 |
| ISOVF: Thal2Palli | 0.313 ± 0.079 | 0.313 ± 0.086 | 0.348 ± 0.075 | 0.349 ± 0.082 |
| ISOVF: vmPFC2DLPFC | 0.144 ± 0.047 | 0.139 ± 0.049 | 0.138 ± 0.048 | 0.147 ± 0.049 |
| ISOVF: CCforcepsMajor | 0.503 ± 0.087 | 0.487 ± 0.090 | 0.523 ± 0.132 | 0.506 ± 0.108 |
| OD: Caud2Medulla | 0.378 ± 0.041 | 0.373 ± 0.047 | 0.398 ± 0.044 | 0.393 ± 0.052 |
| OD: Caud2Palli | 0.355 ± 0.028 | 0.351 ± 0.028 | 0.362 ± 0.033 | 0.362 ± 0.037 |
| OD: DLPFC2Caud | 0.423 ± 0.041 | 0.411 ± 0.031 | 0.41 ± 0.037 | 0.416 ± 0.035 |
| OD: DLPFC2rvmPFC | 0.399 ± 0.073 | 0.391 ± 0.083 | 0.365 ± 0.093 | 0.381 ± 0.094 |
| OD: DLPFC2Thal | 0.421 ± 0.037 | 0.411 ± 0.03 | 0.418 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.027 |
| OD: rAngG2rDLPFC | 0.415 ± 0.024 | 0.405 ± 0.019 | 0.413 ± 0.027 | 0.411 ± 0.024 |
| OD: Thal2Medulla | 0.429 ± 0.064 | 0.423 ± 0.072 | 0.455 ± 0.049 | 0.446 ± 0.053 |
| OD: Thal2Palli | 0.413 ± 0.04 | 0.407 ± 0.044 | 0.426 ± 0.034 | 0.423 ± 0.037 |
| OD: vmPFC2DLPFC | 0.347 ± 0.093 | 0.327 ± 0.089 | 0.294 ± 0.095 | 0.329 ± 0.096 |
| OD: CCforcepsMajor | 0.138 ± 0.053 | 0.141 ± 0.069 | 0.142 ± 0.028 | 0.14 ± 0.027 |
Note: Sample Size/Mean (percentage/±standard deviation) for demographics and NODDI metrics for each tract.
Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog scale; CCQ‐now, cocaine craving questionnaire now version; BIS‐11, Barrat impulsivity scale version 11; NODDI, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging model; ICVF, intra‐cellular volume fraction; ISOVF, isotropic volume fraction; SD, standard deviation; n, sample size; OD, orientation dispersion; T0, baseline; T1, after 2 weeks; White matter (WM) regions of interest (ROI): Caud2Medulla, WM connecting left caudate nucleus and axial section through medulla; Caud2Palli, WM connecting left caudate nucleus and left pallidum; DLPFC2Caud, WM connecting left rostral middle frontal cortex (RMFC) and left caudate nucleus; DLPFC2rvmPFC, WM connecting left RMFC and right medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOC); DLPFC2Thal, WM connecting left RMFC and left thalamus; rAngG2rDLPFC, WM connecintg right inferior parietal cortex and right RMFC; Thal2Medulla, WM connecting left thalamus and left pallidum; Thal2Palli, WM connecting left thalamus and left pallidum; vmPFC2DLPF, WM connecting left MOC and left RMFC; CCforcepsMajor, forceps major of corpus callosum (control WM).