TABLE 1.
Characteristics of cases of Alzheimer's disease and matched controls.
| Characteristic | Cases n = 40,455 | Controls n = 1,610,502 |
|---|---|---|
| Age at cohort entry in years, mean (SD) | 69 (8.8) | 69 (8.8) |
| Age at index date in years, mean (SD) | 81 (7.7) | 81 (7.6) |
| Follow‐up in years, mean (SD) | 11 (5.5) | 11 (5.5) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 14,454 (35.7) | 573,799 (35.6) |
| Body mass index in kg/m2, n (%) a | ||
| <18.5 | 409 (1.0) | 13,552 (0.8) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 11,476 (28.4) | 402,659 (25.0) |
| 25–29.9 | 11,188 (27.7) | 442,651 (27.5) |
| ≥30 | 4737 (11.7) | 211,107 (13.1) |
| Unknown | 12,645 (31.3) | 540,533 (33.6) |
| Smoking, n (%) a | ||
| Never | 17,693 (43.7) | 689,978 (42.8) |
| Ever | 12,855 (31.8) | 490,181 (30.4) |
| Unknown | 9907 (24.5) | 430,343 (26.7) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||
| Alcohol‐related disorders | 640 (1.6) | 23,027 (1.4) |
| Arterial hypertension | 11,814 (29.2) | 492,501 (30.6) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 964 (2.4) | 43,692 (2.7) |
| Congestive heart failure | 655 (1.6) | 29,028 (1.8) |
| Coronary artery disease | 4509 (11.1) | 173,760 (10.8) |
| Stroke or transient ischemic attack | 1242 (3.1) | 59,904 (3.7) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 839 (2.1) | 33,160 (2.1) |
| Cancer | 2933 (7.3) | 114,238 (7.1) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 633 (1.6) | 24,959 (1.5) |
| Liver disease | 126 (0.3) | 5288 (0.3) |
| Hypothyroidism | 2405 (5.9) | 92,115 (5.7) |
| Dyslipidemia | 4134 (10.2) | 146,257 (9.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2440 (6.0) | 93,420 (5.8) |
| Osteoporosis | 1356 (3.4) | 47,173 (2.9) |
| Traumatic brain injury | S | 32 (0.0) |
| Epilepsy | 555 (1.4) | 18,834 (1.2) |
| Parkinson's disease | 127 (0.3) | 4405 (0.3) |
| Depression | 5088 (12.6) | 173,333 (10.8) |
| Medications, n (%) b | ||
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors | 4196 (10.4) | 180,778 (11.2) |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 1262 (3.1) | 53,633 (3.3) |
| Thiazide diuretics | 6000 (14.8) | 249,926 (15.5) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 5173 (12.8) | 208,028 (12.9) |
| Beta‐blockers | 6132 (15.2) | 251,650 (15.6) |
| Lipid‐lowering drugs | 5700 (14.1) | 210,066 (13.0) |
| Oral anticoagulants | 720 (1.8) | 34,485 (2.1) |
| Antiplatelet agents | 6767 (16.7) | 261,802 (16.3) |
| Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs | 9051 (22.4) | 329,167 (20.4) |
| Opioids | 10,066 (24.9) | 359,806 (22.3) |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 4584 (11.3) | 173,994 (10.8) |
| Immunosuppressants or biologics | 2281 (5.6) | 88,841 (5.5) |
| Antidepressants | 4675 (11.6) | 142,454 (8.8) |
| Antipsychotic drugs | 1895 (4.7) | 65,655 (4.1) |
Note: S Numbers <5 were suppressed based on data protection regulations of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
a
Last measurement before cohort entry.
b
Measured in the year before cohort entry.