TABLE 2.
Crude and adjusted odds ratios of the association between CAHPI and the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (primary analysis and time‐response analysis).
|
Cases n = 40,455 |
Controls n = 1,610,502 |
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted a OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAHPI, n (%) | ||||
| Exposed | 512 (1.3) | 17,522 (1.1) | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.27) | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.21) |
| Unexposed | 39,943 (98.7) | 1,592,980 (98.9) | Reference | Reference |
| Time since onset of CAHPI b in years, n (%) | ||||
| ≥10.9 | 126 (0.3) | 4381 (0.3) | 1.13 (0.95 to 1.36) | 1.09 (0.91 to 1.30) |
| 7.3–10.8 | 145 (0.4) | 4381 (0.3) | 1.31 (1.11 to 1.55) | 1.24 (1.05 to 1.47) |
| 4.5–7.2 | 114 (0.3) | 4383 (0.3) | 1.04 (0.86 to 1.25) | 0.99 (0.82 to 1.20) |
| 2.0–4.4 | 127 (0.3) | 4377 (0.3) | 1.16 (0.97 to 1.38) | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.32) |
| Unexposed | 110,170 (98.9) | 4,379,408 (99.1) | Reference | Reference |
Abbreviations: CAHPI, clinically apparent Helicobacter pylori infection; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
Adjusted for body mass index, smoking, alcohol‐related disorders, arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke or transient ischemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, cancer, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, depression, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, beta‐blockers, lipid‐lowering drugs, oral anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, opioids, proton pump inhibitors, antipsychotics, and antidepressants.
The subgroups were based on the quartiles of the distribution of follow‐up durations among controls. The effect estimates for the different subgroups show the associations between CAHPI and dementia for those diagnosed with CAHPI 2.0–4.4, 4.5–7.2, 7.3–10.8, or ≥10.9 years prior to the diagnosis of dementia.