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. 2024 Apr 1;19(4):e0297028. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297028

Table 11. Comparison graph of TL AND DL results based on F1-score.

DATASETS SIZE Transfer Learning Deep Learning
ULMFIT BERT ROBERTA ELECTRA LSTM CNN
F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1
HOTEL REVIEW 7K 0.927 0.941 0.945 0.917 0.924 0.901
10K 0.927 0.941 0.945 0.917 0.924 0.901
15K 0.941 0.948 0.949 0.923 0.920 0.882
20K 0.951 0.947 0.954 0.930 0.940 0.903
MOVIE REVIEW 7K 0.921 0.917 0.936 0.944 0.801 0.839
10K 0.921 0.908 0.941 0.936 0.820 0.840
15K 0.926 0.918 0.935 0.938 0.862 0.856
20K 0.931 0.911 0.940 0.941 0.885 0.866
SENTIMENT140 7K 0.754 0.804 0.836 0.795 0.690 0.654
10K 0.770 0.804 0.823 0.800 0.730 0.683
15K 0.770 0.810 0.834 0.801 0.729 0.691
20K 0.780 0.814 0.836 0.812 0.757 0.726
CITATION SENTIMENT CORPUS (CSC) 8K 0.897 0.902 0.902 0.898 0.863 0.842
BIOINFORMATICS CITATION CORPUS (BCC) 4K 0.853 0.880 0.840 0.829 0.696 0.691