Table 4.

Training results from the Inhibitory Control group. The tasks corresponding to the T2T inhibitory control training domain and NIH Toolbox inhibitory control are presented in italics and underlined. Baseline performance (BP) effects are first presented for the inhibitory control task from the NIH Toolbox: Flanker Inhibition. Then, the effects of baseline performance on the task of interest (as indicated in the second column for each row) are presented.

Outcome type	Task of interest	Improvement from baseline	Effect of BP on the IC Toolbox taska	Effect of BP on the task of interest taska	Effect of age
Train to task
	Processing speed (N=8)	p=0.25, d=0.51	p=0.48, F(1,5)=0.29, R^2=0.11	Neg, p=0.040, F(1,5)=3.79, R^2=0.60**	p=0.98, F(1,6)=0.00059, R^2<0.0001
	Inhibitory control (N=6)	p=0.094, d=1.0*	p=0.16, F(1,3)=1.79, R^2=0.54	Neg, p=0.059, F(1,3)=4.57, R^2=0.75*	p=0.79, F(1,4)=0.083, R^2=0.020
	Episodic memory (N=7)	p=0.16, d=−0.52	p=0.57, F(1,4)=0.42, R^2=0.17	p=0.13, F(1,4)=2.18, R^2=0.52	p=0.51, F(1,5)=0.51, R^2=0.09
	Working memory (N=7)	p=0.3, d=0.47	p=0.77, F(1,4)=1.25, R^2=0.39	p=0.37, F(1,4)=2.0, R^2=0.50	p=0.15, R^2=0.27, F(1,5) = 2.94
	Cognitive flexibility (N=5)	p=0.13, d=0.96	Neg, p=0.0018, F(1,2)=295, R^2=0.997**	p=0.84, F(1,2)=0.072, R^2=0.067	p=0.74, F(1,3)=0.13, R^2=0.042
NIH Toolbox
	Fluid cogntion composite (N=8)	p=0.031, d=0.85**	Neg, p=0.068, F(1,5)=3.28, R^2=0.57*	Neg, p=0.010, F(1,5)=2.56, R^2=0.51**	p=0.44, F(1,6)=0.69, R^2=0.10
	Total cognition composite (N=7)	p=0.031, d=0.95**	p=0.24, F(1,4)=2.37, R^2=0.54	p=0.11, F(1,4)=4.19, R^2=0.68	p=0.18, F(1,5)=2.41, R^2=0.33
	Crystalized cognition composite (N=7)	p=0.19, d=0.64	p=0.40, F(1,4)=0.077, R^2=0.72	Neg, p=0.090, F(1,4)=11.2, R^2=0.85*	Pos, p=0.026, F(1,5)=9.76, R^2=0.66**
	Pattern comparison processing speed (N=9)	p=0.063, d=0.74*	p=0.78, F(1,6)=1.18, R^2=0.28	Neg, p=0.040, F(1,6)=5.85, R^2=0.66**	p=0.15, R^2=0.27, F(1,7)=2.63
	Flanker inhibition (N=9)	p=0.13, d=0.63	Neg, p<0.001, F(1,6)=29.2, R^2=0.91**	--	p=0.22, F(1,7)=1.83, R^2=0.21
	Dimensional change card sort (N=9)	p=0.29, d=0.42	p=0.27, F(1,6)=1.1, R^2=0.27	Neg, p=0.027, F(1,6)=4.99, R^2=0.63**	p=0.43, F(1,7)=0.70, R^2=0.091
	List sorting working memory (N=8)	p=0.92, d=0.11	p=0.19, F(1,5)=1.27, R^2=0.34	Neg, p=0.021, F(1,5)=5.80, R^2=0.70**	p=0.69, F(1,6)=0.17, R^2=0.028
	Picture sequence memory (N=9)	p=0.098, d=0.68*	p=0.14, F(1,6)=3.03, R^2=0.50	p=0.74, F(1,6)=1.12, R^2=0.27	p=0.16, F(1,7)=2.42, R^2=0.26
	Oral symbol digit (N=8)	p=0.055, d=0.62*	p=0.48, F(1,5)=0.29, R^2=0.11	Neg, p=0.054, F(1,5)=3.15, R^2=0.56*	p=0.995, F(1,6)<0.0001, R^2<0.0001
	Rey auditory learning (N=7)	p=0.95, d=0.12	Neg, p=0.092, F(1,4)=8.9, R^2=0.82*	Pos, p=0.056, F(1,4)=11.6, R^2=0.85*	Pos, p=0.043, F(1,5) =7.26, R^2=0.59**

Neg = significant negative association; Pos = significant positive association. IC = inhibitory control.

^aResults include age and cognitive domain covariates in the model.

^**p<0.05;

^*p<0.10.